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Near visual acuity or near vision is a measure of how clearly a person can see nearby small objects or letters.Visual acuity in general usually refers clarity of distance vision, and is measured using eye charts like Snellen chart, LogMAR chart etc. Near vision is usually measured and recorded using a printed hand-held card containing different sized paragraphs, words, letters or symbols.
A person taking the test covers one eye from 6 metres or 20 feet away, and reads aloud the letters of each row, beginning at the top. The smallest row that can be read accurately indicates the visual acuity in that specific eye. The symbols on an acuity chart are formally known as "optotypes". Variation of Snellen chart with another letter ...
An example of the Landolt C eye chart (also known as the Japanese eye chart.). Numerous types of eye charts exist and are used in various situations. For example, the Snellen chart is designed for use at 6 meters or 20 feet, and is thus appropriate for testing distance vision, while the ETDRS chart is designed for use at 4 meters. [16]
Manual hand eye test in Ghana (2018) Visual acuity is measured by a psychophysical procedure and as such relates the physical characteristics of a stimulus to a subject's percept and their resulting responses. Measurement can be taken by using an eye chart invented by Ferdinand Monoyer, by optical instruments, or by computerized tests [11] like ...
Sloan letters, designed by Louise Sloan in 1959, are a set of optotypes used to test visual acuity generally used in Snellen charts and logMAR charts. This set of optotypes consists of ten specially formed "letters", C, D, H, K, N, O, R, S, V and Z. [ 1 ] These letters, unlike the ones used in older Snellen charts, are designed to give acuity ...
The "LEA Numbers Test" was the second of the LEA tests that was developed and can be used to test the visual acuity of older children and even adults. This test has a layout similar to a typical Snellen chart, with lines of numbers decreasing in size towards the bottom of the page. Like the optotypes of the LEA Symbols Test, these numbers are ...
Whereas for adults a small Snellen chart letter or number can be used. [1] Distance Targets (6m) Spotlight – In those patients with amblyopia a spotlight could be used. (Same as near targets). [1] Snellen chart – This is the most commonly used target when assessing a patient's far component of a cover test. [1]
An eye examination, commonly known as an eye test, [1] is a series of tests performed to assess vision and ability to focus on and discern objects. [2] It also includes other tests and examinations of the eyes. [2] Eye examinations are primarily performed by an optometrist, ophthalmologist, or an orthoptist.