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A Janus kinase inhibitor, also known as JAK inhibitor or jakinib, [1] is a type of immune modulating medication, which inhibits the activity of one or more of the Janus kinase family of enzymes (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, TYK2), thereby interfering with the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in lymphocytes.
Therefore, since JAK-STAT signalling can allow the transcription of genes involved in cell division, one potential effect of excessive JAK-STAT signalling is cancer formation. High levels of STAT activation have been associated with cancer; in particular, high amounts of STAT3 and STAT5 activation is mostly linked to more dangerous tumours. [64]
Pacritinib, sold under the brand name Vonjo, is an anti-cancer medication used to treat myelofibrosis. [1] [2] It is a macrocyclic protein kinase inhibitor. It mainly inhibits Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3\CD135 (FLT3). Common side effects include diarrhea, low platelet counts, nausea, anemia, and swelling in legs. [2]
Golidocitinib is a pharmaceutical drug for the treatment of cancer. In June 2024, it was given conditional approval in China for the treatment of relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma. [1] Golidocitinib is classified as a Janus kinase inhibitor. [2] [3]
Janus kinase 3 inhibitors, also called JAK3 inhibitors, are a new class of immunomodulatory agents that inhibit Janus kinase 3. They are used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases . The Janus kinases are a family of four nonreceptor tyrosine-protein kinases, JAK1 , JAK2 , JAK3 , and TYK2 .
It is a Janus kinase inhibitor and it is taken by mouth. [3] The most common adverse reactions include dizziness, fatigue, bacterial infection, hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, diarrhea, and nausea. [6] Momelotinib was approved for medical use in the United States in September 2023, [3] [6] [7] and in the European Union in January 2024. [4] [8]
Ruxolitinib (sold under the brand names Jakafi and Jakavi among others, and as Opzelura in cream form) is a medication used for the treatment of intermediate or high-risk myelofibrosis, [6] a type of myeloproliferative neoplasm that affects the bone marrow; [11] [12] polycythemia vera, when there has been an inadequate response to or intolerance of hydroxyurea; [6] [13] and steroid-refractory ...
Fedratinib, sold under the brand name Inrebic, is an anti-cancer medication used to treat myeloproliferative diseases including myelofibrosis. [5] It is used in the form of fedratinib hydrochloride capsules that are taken by mouth. It is a semi-selective inhibitor of Janus kinase 2 (JAK-2). [5] [6] It was approved by the FDA on 16 August 2019. [5]