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  2. Xor–encrypt–xor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xorencryptxor

    The xor–encrypt–xor (XEX) is a (tweakable) mode of operation of a block cipher. In tweaked-codebook mode with ciphertext stealing , it is one of the more popular modes of operation for whole-disk encryption. XEX is also a common form of key whitening, and part of some smart card proposals. [1] [2]

  3. Disk encryption theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_encryption_theory

    Another tweakable encryption mode, XEX (xor–encrypt–xor), was designed by Rogaway [11] to allow efficient processing of consecutive blocks (with respect to the cipher used) within one data unit (e.g., a disk sector).

  4. Block cipher mode of operation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_mode_of_operation

    If the IV/nonce is random, then they can be combined with the counter using any invertible operation (concatenation, addition, or XOR) to produce the actual unique counter block for encryption. In case of a non-random nonce (such as a packet counter), the nonce and counter should be concatenated (e.g., storing the nonce in the upper 64 bits and ...

  5. Ciphertext stealing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciphertext_stealing

    This reverses encryption step 2. X n−1 is the same as in the encryption process. P n−1 = X n−1 XOR C n−2. Exclusive-OR X n−1 with the previous ciphertext block, C n−2, to create P n−1. Finally, we reverse the XOR step from step 1 of the encryption process.

  6. XEX - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XEX

    Xor–encrypt–xor (XEX), a (tweakable) mode of operation of a block cipher. Morimoto XEX, the Michelin Star-winning Tokyo restaurant of Masaharu Morimoto..XEX, a type of file used for video games or other applications developed for the Microsoft Xbox 360 game console. It is designed to run on an Xbox 360 and is not meant to be opened on a PC.

  7. How AOL uses SSL to protect your account

    help.aol.com/articles/how-aol-uses-ssl-to...

    Encryption scrambles and unscrambles your data to keep it protected. • A public key scrambles the data. • A private key unscrambles the data. Credit card security. When you make a purchase on AOL, we'll only finish the transaction if your browser supports SSL.

  8. XOR cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XOR_cipher

    In cryptography, the simple XOR cipher is a type of additive cipher, [1] an encryption algorithm that operates according to the principles: A ⊕ {\displaystyle \oplus } 0 = A, A ⊕ {\displaystyle \oplus } A = 0,

  9. Data Secure by AOL - AOL Help

    help.aol.com/articles/data-secure-by-aol

    Encrypt the data you send: Private Wifi uses premium-level security to encrypt everything you send and receive on your computer or mobile device over public WiFi. Real-time data protection: DataMask by AOL creates a secure browsing experience by using anti-keylogging and anti-phishing software that helps protect you from internet threats and ...