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The Oechsle scale is a hydrometer scale measuring the density of grape must, [1] which is an indication of grape ripeness and sugar content used in wine-making. It is named for Ferdinand Oechsle (1774–1852) and it is widely used in the German , Swiss and Luxembourgish wine-making industries.
The refractometer will be calibrated in a must weight scale, but as refractometers actually measure refractive index (of the grape must in this case), the must weight scale on the refractometer is in effect an indirect measurement, with refractive indices having been pre-converted to their must weight equivalents.
The original gravity is the specific gravity measured before fermentation. From it the analyst can compute the original extract which is the mass (grams) of sugar in 100 grams (3.5 oz) of wort (°P) by use of the Plato scale. The symbol will denote OE in the formulas which follow.
This parallels the term sec ("dry") in French, which indicates a sparkling wine of the same sugar level as trocken. Drier wines are designated extra trocken at 12 to 20 grams per liter (0.00043 to 0.00072 lb/cu in), while completely dry sparkling wines are given the designation brut (0–15 g/L) or extra brut (0–6 g/L).
The US fluid ounce is based on the US gallon, which in turn is based on the wine gallon of 231 cubic inches that was used in the United Kingdom prior to 1824. With the adoption of the international inch , the US fluid ounce became 1 ⁄ 128 gal × 231 in 3 /gal × (2.54 cm/in) 3 = 29.5735295625 mL exactly, or about 4% larger than the imperial unit.
The popularization of numerical scoring is widely credited to the American wine critic Robert Parker who patterned his system of numerical ratings on the American standardized grading system in the 1970s. [6] [7] Under Parker's system, wines were evaluated on a 50–100 scale that roughly correlated to an A–F "grade" on the wine.
1 mL of water weighs 1 gram so a recipe calling for 300 mL (≈ 1 ⁄ 2 Imperial Pint) of water can simply be substituted with 300 g (≈ 10 oz.) of water. 1 fluid ounce of water weighs approximately 1 ounce so a recipe calling for a UK pint (20 fl oz) of water can be substituted with 20 oz of water.
Comparable scales for indicating sucrose content are: the Plato scale (°P), which is widely used by the brewing industry; the Oechsle scale used in German and Swiss wine making industries, amongst others; and the Balling scale, which is the oldest of the three systems and therefore mostly found in older textbooks, but is still in use in some ...