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It is a disease that presents Myoclonus as a sequela of hypoxic disorders in the brain due to asphyxiation and cardiopulmonary arrest. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is exacerbated by mental and physical anxiety such as intention, intentional movement, and tension.
Post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) is an inflammatory state of pathophysiology that can occur after a patient is resuscitated from a cardiac arrest. [1] While in a state of cardiac arrest, the body experiences a unique state of global ischemia.
Action myoclonus is the most disabling form of myoclonus and can affect the arms, legs, face, and even the voice. It is often associated with tonic-clonic seizures and diffuse neuronal disease such as post-hypoxic encephalopathy , uremia , and the various forms of PME, although, in the case of focal cerebral damage, the disease may be ...
Symptoms often include action or stimuli induced myoclonus, seizures, neuropathy, cognitive decline, and spike and wave or no cerebral discharges. [4] The prognosis of those diagnosed with PME is poor. The person often becomes reliant on a wheelchair, enters a vegetative state due to myoclonus, and has a shortened life expectancy. [4] [3]
A paper published in 2023 showed that burst suppression and epilepsy may share the same ephaptic coupling mechanism. [6] When inhibitory control is sufficiently low, as in the case of certain general anesthetics such as sevoflurane (due to a decrease in the firing of interneurons [7]), electric fields are able to recruit neighboring cells to fire synchronously, in a burst suppression pattern.
Myoclonus is usually classified physiologically to optimize treatment. Myoclonus is a precursor effect to myoclonus dystonia and most commonly begins in childhood or adolescence. [4] [5] Myoclonus is classified as cortical, subcortical, peripheral or spinal. Cortical myoclonus is the most common of these four and affects the upper limbs and face.
Palatal myoclonus. The myoclonic triangle (also known by its eponym Triangle of Guillain-Mollaret or dentato-rubro-olivary pathway) is an important feedback circuit of the brainstem and deep cerebellar nuclei which is responsible for modulating spinal cord motor activity. [1] [2] The circuit is thus composed: [2]
Familial adult myoclonus Epilepsy (FAME) This is a condition characterized by the repetition of non-coding sequences and has been identified using various abbreviations. Initially, it was associated with four primary gene locations: FAME1 (8q23.3–q24.1), FAME2 (2p11.1–q12.1), FAME3 (5p15.31–p15.1), and FAME4 (3q26.32–3q28).