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Reciprocity in electrical networks is a property of a circuit that relates voltages and currents at two points. The reciprocity theorem states that the current at one point in a circuit due to a voltage at a second point is the same as the current at the second point due to the same voltage at the first.
Reciprocity is useful in optics, which (apart from quantum effects) can be expressed in terms of classical electromagnetism, but also in terms of radiometry. There is also an analogous theorem in electrostatics, known as Green's reciprocity, relating the interchange of electric potential and electric charge density.
Reciprocity (electromagnetism), theorems relating sources and the resulting fields in classical electromagnetism; Reciprocity (electrical networks), reciprocity theorem as it relates to current and voltage in electrical networks; Reciprocity (network science), measures the tendency of vertex pairs to form mutual connections between each other
In network science, reciprocity is a measure of the likelihood of vertices in a directed network to be mutually linked. [1] Like the clustering coefficient , scale-free degree distribution , or community structure , reciprocity is a quantitative measure used to study complex networks .
Stanley's reciprocity theorem for generating functions; Reciprocity (engineering), theorems relating signals and the resulting responses including Reciprocity (electrical networks), a theorem relating voltages and currents in a network; Reciprocity (electromagnetism), theorems relating sources and the resulting fields in classical electromagnetism
The book Influence: Science and Practice by Robert Cialdini is a prominent work in the field of reciprocity and social psychology. First published in 1984, the work outlines the main principles of influence, and how they can be applied in one's life to succeed, especially in business endeavors. [ 38 ]
The concept of "reciprocal altruism", as introduced by Trivers, suggests that altruism, defined as an act of helping another individual while incurring some cost for this act, could have evolved since it might be beneficial to incur this cost if there is a chance of being in a reverse situation where the individual who was helped before may perform an altruistic act towards the individual who ...
Reciprocity in linear systems is the principle that a response Rab, measured at a location (and direction if applicable) a, when the system has an excitation signal applied at a location (and direction if applicable) b, is exactly equal to Rba which is the response at location b, when that same excitation is applied at a. This applies for all ...