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Measurement Lower limit Upper limit Unit Urinary specific gravity: 1.003 [1] [2]: 1.030 [1] [2]: g/mL Urobilinogen: 0.2 [2]: 1.0 [2]: Ehrlich units or mg/dL : Free catecholamines, dopamine ...
In medicine, bilirubinuria is an abnormality in which conjugated bilirubin is detected in the urine. [1] The term "biliuria" is very similar, but more general. It refers to the presence of any bile pigment in the urine. Conjugated bilirubin is detected in urine at bilirubinemia of approximately 30-34 mmol/L or 2 mg/dL.
The interpretation of urinalysis takes into account the results of physical, chemical and microscopic examination and the person's overall condition. Urine test results should always be interpreted using the reference range provided by the laboratory that performed the test, or using information provided by the test strip/device manufacturer. [136]
Conjugated bilirubin, being water-soluble, is excreted through urine. Hence, dark urine tested bilirubin positive signifies conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. [3] A peripheral blood smear showing signs of haemolysis. Red blood cells are normally in a biconcave shape (round cells in this picture).
Automatic analysis of urine test strips using automated urine test strip analysers is a well-established practice in modern-day urinalysis. They can measure calcium , blood, glucose, bilirubin, urobilinogen, ketones, leukocytes, creatinine , microalbumin , pH, ascorbic acid and protein.
Bilirubin (BR) (from the Latin for "red bile") is a red-orange compound that occurs in the normal catabolic pathway that breaks down heme in vertebrates.This catabolism is a necessary process in the body's clearance of waste products that arise from the destruction of aged or abnormal red blood cells. [3]
Choluria (or bilirubinuria) is a symptom defining an abnormal darkness of the urine, mainly due to a high level of conjugated bilirubin. [1] [2] Choluria is a common symptom of liver diseases, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis. It can be described as dark or brown urine, often referred to as the color of Coca-Cola.
The conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is a result of defective endogenous and exogenous transfer of anionic conjugates from hepatocytes into bile. [5] Impaired biliary excretion of bilirubin glucuronides is due to a mutation in the canalicular multiple drug-resistance protein 2 (MRP2). A darkly pigmented liver is due to polymerized epinephrine ...