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Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or ice structuring proteins refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain animals, ... This is an example of a proto-ORF model, a ...
These data suggest that RiAFP is a well-folded β-helical protein, having six β-strand regions consisting of 13-amino acids (including one TxTxTxT binding motif) per strand. Primary crystallographic studies , have been published on a RiAFP crystal (which diffracted to 1.3Å resolution) in the trigonal space group P3 1 21 (or P3 2 21), with ...
They also possess aglomerular kidneys, an adaptation that aids the retention of these antifreeze proteins. [16] While the majority of animal species have up to 45% of hemoglobin (or other oxygen-binding and oxygen-transporting pigments) in their blood, the notothenioids of the family Channichthyidae do not express any globin proteins in their ...
A cryoprotectant is a substance used to protect biological tissue from freezing damage (i.e. that due to ice formation). Arctic and Antarctic insects, fish and amphibians create cryoprotectants (antifreeze compounds and antifreeze proteins) in their bodies to minimize freezing damage during cold winter periods.
An antifreeze is an additive which lowers the freezing point of a water-based liquid. An antifreeze mixture is used to achieve freezing-point depression for cold environments. Common antifreezes also increase the boiling point of the liquid, allowing higher coolant temperature. [ 1 ]
Dimeric, right-handed β-helix antifreeze protein from the beetle Tenebrio molitor ). Face-to-face association of β-helices. A beta helix is a tandem protein repeat structure formed by the association of parallel beta sheet in a helical pattern with either two [1] or three [2] faces. The beta helix is a type of solenoid protein domain.
Researchers at Queen's University have sequenced and synthesised the anti-freeze-like protein that allows H. nivicola to operate in sub-zero environments, [2] and found it to be glycine-rich. There are hopes that similar proteins may be useful for storing transplant organs and for producing better ice cream . [ 3 ]
The antifreeze protein was found to inhibit ice recrystallization in the flounder blood, but had no effect when expressed in transgenic tobacco. [17] The resulting tomato was never commercialized, possibly because the transgenic plant did not perform well in its frost-tolerance or other agronomic characteristics. [ 17 ]