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[2] Side effects may include irritation of the vein in which it is given, high blood sugar, and swelling. [2] [3] Excess use may result in low blood sodium and other electrolyte problems. [2] Intravenous sugar solutions are in the crystalloid family of medications. [4] They come in a number of strengths including 5%, 10%, and 50% dextrose. [2]
Calcium and phosphorus are needed in a specific ratio of between 1:1 and 2:1. Adult horses can tolerate up to a 5:1 ratio, foals no more than 3:1. A total ration with a higher ratio of phosphorus than calcium is to be avoided. [23] Over time, imbalance will ultimately lead to a number of possible bone-related problems such as osteoporosis. [27]
Acid-citrate-dextrose or acid-citrate-dextrose solution (ACD; also known as anticoagulant-citrate-dextrose or anticoagulant-citrate-dextrose solution) is any solution of citric acid, sodium citrate, and dextrose in water. It is mainly used as an anticoagulant (in yellow top tubes) [1] to preserve blood specimens required for tissue typing.
On average, bone heals better than soft tissue. It requires less time to heal and, unlike soft tissue which is always weaker after healing, bone heals to 100% strength. [1] However, fracture healing in horses is complicated by their size, flightiness, and desire to stand. Horses are at risk of re-injury of the fracture site, especially when ...
Glucose (dextrose) has a molecular mass of 180, while water has a molecular mass of 18. For each 2 glucose monomers binding, a water molecule is removed. Therefore, the molecular mass of a glucose polymer can be calculated by using the formula (180*n - 18*(n-1)) with n the DP (degree of polymerisation) of the glucose polymer.
Indeed, an estimated 2–4% of deaths of people with type 1 diabetes mellitus have been attributed to hypoglycemia. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In North America a mild episode of diabetic hypoglycemia is sometimes termed a "low" or an "insulin reaction," [ 4 ] and in Europe a "hypo", although all of these terms are occasionally used interchangeably in North ...
It is less sweet than high-fructose corn syrup [1] and contains little to no fructose. [1] It is sweet enough to be useful as a sweetener in commercial food production, however. [2] To be given the label "high", the syrup must contain at least 50% maltose. [3] Typically, it contains 40–50% maltose, though some have as high as 70%. [4] [5]
Plasma lactate levels can help predict survival rates, with an increased survival seen in horses with a lactate below 6.0 mmol/L. [15] Prognosis is usually poor, with a survival rate of approximately 36% of horses with a 360 degree volvulus, and 74% of those with a 270 degree volvulus, and a reoccurrence rate of 5–50%. [15]