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The Graphite-Epoxy Motor (GEM) is a family of solid rocket boosters developed in the late 1980s and used since 1990. GEM motors are manufactured with carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer casings and a fuel consisting of HTPB -bound ammonium perchlorate composite propellant .
GEM 63XL USA: Northrop Grumman ... 314,000 [63] 75: 11,400 with fuel Zefiro 40
Thrust can be augmented with up to five Aerojet AJ-60A or Northrop Grumman GEM 63 strap-on solid rocket boosters, each providing an additional 1.27 MN (290,000 lb f) of thrust for 94 seconds. The main differences between the Atlas V and earlier Atlas I and II family launch vehicles are:
With a single core and six GEM boosters, the Vulcan Centaur can lift 27,200 kilograms (60,000 lb) to low Earth orbit (LEO), [25] surpassing the Atlas V's maximum of 18,850 kg (41,560 lb) with a single core and five GEM boosters, [26] and approaching the 28,790 kg (63,470 lb) capacity of the three-core Delta IV Heavy. [27]
A GEM 40 solid rocket motor being prepared for integration with a Delta II launch vehicle. GEM-40, solid rocket booster used on the Delta II rocket; GEM-60, solid rocket booster used on the Delta IV rocket; GEM-63, solid rocket booster used on the Atlas V rocket; GEM-63XL, solid rocket booster planned to be used on the Vulcan rocket
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AJ-60A (Solid – HTPB) – A solid rocket motor formerly used for the Atlas V launch vehicle, until being replaced by the Northrop Grumman GEM-63 in 2021. [37] AR-22 (LH 2 /LOX) – An engine in development from 2017 to 2020 for the XS-1 spacecraft, also known as the Phantom Express.