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Nergal (Sumerian: ð’€ð’„Šð’€•ð’ƒ² [1] d KIŠ.UNU or d GÌR.UNU.GAL; [2] Hebrew: × Öµ×¨Ö°×’Ö·×œ, Modern: Nergal, Tiberian: NÄ“rgal; Aramaic: Ü¢Ü¸ÜªÜ“Ü²Ü ; [3] Latin: Nirgal) was a Mesopotamian god worshiped through all periods of Mesopotamian history, from Early Dynastic to Neo-Babylonian times, with a few attestations indicating that his cult survived into the period of Achaemenid domination.
In the Babylonian creation epic, the Enûma Eliš, after the separation of heaven and earth, the goddess Tiamat and her consort Abzu are the only deities in existence. [266] A male-female pair, they mate and Tiamat gives birth to the first generation of gods. [266]
The creation of heaven . The book is divided into six chapters, each about different aspects of Babylonian mythology and religion. [12]The first chapter describes the gods of Babylon, such as Marduk, Ishtar, Anu, Ea, Nergal, Shamash, and Enlil, and studies their roles, attributes, and associated myths.
This piece was thought to be recited in a ritual celebration of the Babylonian new year. It chronicles the birth of the gods, the world, and man, whose purpose was to serve the gods and lighten their work load. [2] The focus of the narrative is on praising Marduk, the patron god of Babylon, who creates the world, the calendar, and humanity.
The pillaging or destruction of idols was considered to be a loss of divine patronage; during the Neo-Babylonian period, the Chaldean prince Marduk-apla-iddina II fled into the southern marshes of Mesopotamia with the statues of Babylon's gods to save them from the armies of Sennacherib of Assyria. [5]
The earliest copy of the Enuma Elish, the Babylonian epic of creation, was found in the city of Assur and dated to the 9th century, [55] although the text could go back to the Isin II period. [52] Dalley believes that the Enuma Elish may have been composed during the Old Babylonian Period, [56] although other scholars consider it unlikely. [57]
In the Enûma Elish, the Babylonian epic of creation, Tiamat bears the first generation of deities after mingling her waters with those of Apsu, her consort. The gods continue to reproduce, forming a noisy new mass of divine children. Apsu, driven to violence by the noise they make, seeks to destroy them and is killed.
EnÅ«ma Eliš (Akkadian Cuneiform: 𒂊𒉡𒈠𒂊𒇺, also spelled "Enuma Elish"), meaning "When on High", is a Babylonian creation myth (named after its opening words) from the late 2nd millennium BCE and the only complete surviving account of ancient near eastern cosmology.