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In mathematics, a Cayley graph, also known as a Cayley color graph, Cayley diagram, group diagram, or color group, [1] is a graph that encodes the abstract structure of a group. Its definition is suggested by Cayley's theorem (named after Arthur Cayley ), and uses a specified set of generators for the group.
A Cayley graph of the symmetric group S 4 using the generators (red) a right circular shift of all four set elements, and (blue) a left circular shift of the first three set elements. Cayley table, with header omitted, of the symmetric group S 3. The elements are represented as matrices. To the left of the matrices, are their two-line form.
This is the corresponding graph, called the Nauru graph: The red, green and blue squares form the permutation matrices, indexed 1, 5 and 21 in the following file. (Compare: v:Symmetric_group_S4#A_closer_look_at_the_Cayley_table) 1, 5 and 21 are the generators of the Nauru graph. Source: Own work: Author
Cayley graph of S 4. Red arrows stand for permutation number 9, moving all elements one place to the right, and the rightmost element on the leftmost place. Blue arrows stand for permutation number 4, which is a similar move to le left, but leaving the rightmost element unchanged. Date: 2011: Source: GrapheCayley-S4-Plan.svg; Author: original: Fool
Cayley graph of S 4, generated by blue: (12) green: (13) red: (14) This is a Nauru graph, compare The many faces of the Nauru graph by 0xDE. The colors of the vertices are like these , and have nothing to do with the colors of the edges. Source: Own work: Author
A presentation of a group determines a geometry, in the sense of geometric group theory: one has the Cayley graph, which has a metric, called the word metric. These are also two resulting orders, the weak order and the Bruhat order, and corresponding Hasse diagrams. An important example is in the Coxeter groups.
This is usually done by studying the Cayley graphs of groups, which, in addition to the graph structure, are endowed with the structure of a metric space, given by the so-called word metric. Geometric group theory, as a distinct area, is relatively new, and became a clearly identifiable branch of mathematics in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
In mathematics, an automatic group is a finitely generated group equipped with several finite-state automata.These automata represent the Cayley graph of the group. That is, they can tell whether a given word representation of a group element is in a "canonical form" and can tell whether two elements given in canonical words differ by a generator.