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  2. Calcium alpha-ketoglutarate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_alpha-ketoglutarate

    Calcium-alpha-ketoglutarate (C 5 H 4 CaO 5 •H 2 O) is a special form mineral calcium that can be used to restore calcium concentration level in the blood back to normal. Calcium-alpha-ketoglutarate binds excess phosphate and pass it as a waste, re-establishing normal balance of calcium and phosphate in the body.

  3. Calcium channel blocker - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_channel_blocker

    Side effects of these drugs may include but are not limited to: Constipation Peripheral edema , which can occur in as much as 70% of people receiving calcium channel blocker, is caused by calcium channel blockers' preferential arteriolar or precapillary dilation without commensurate dilation in the venous or postcapillary circulation .

  4. Calcium channel blocker toxicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_channel_blocker...

    Medications to treat the toxic effects include: intravenous fluids, calcium gluconate, glucagon, high dose insulin, vasopressors and lipid emulsion. [1] [2] Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may also be an option. [1] More than ten thousand cases of calcium channel blocker toxicity were reported in the United States in 2010. [2]

  5. Atrial fibrillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial_fibrillation

    Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, dementia, and stroke. [3] [12] It is a type of supraventricular tachycardia. [14] Atrial fibrillation frequently results from bursts of tachycardia that originate in muscle bundles extending from the atrium to the pulmonary veins. [15]

  6. Diltiazem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diltiazem

    Atrial fibrillation [18] or atrial flutter is another indication. The initial bolus should be 0.25 mg/kg, intravenous (IV). Because of its vasodilatory effects, diltiazem is useful for treating hypertension. Calcium channel blockers are well tolerated, and especially effective in treating low-renin hypertension. [19]

  7. Alpha blocker - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_blocker

    Side effects associated with phentolamine include headache, flushing, and nasal congestion. [23] Benign prostate hyperplasia, a disease in which urinary retention becomes an issue. Alpha-1 blockers can be used, but it can result in side effects such as increased urination and retrograde ejaculation.

  8. α-Ketoglutaric acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Α-Ketoglutaric_acid

    α-Ketoglutarate is a component of the citric acid cycle, a cyclical metabolic pathway located in the mitochondria.This cycle supplies the energy that cells need by sequentially metabolizing (indicated by →) citrate through seven intermediate metabolites and then converting the eighth intermediate metabolite, oxaloacetate, back to citrate: [2]

  9. Verapamil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verapamil

    Verapamil, sold under various trade names, [1] is a calcium channel blocker medication used for the treatment of high blood pressure, angina (chest pain from not enough blood flow to the heart), and supraventricular tachycardia. [9]