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For a non-holonomic process function, no such function may be defined. In other words, for a holonomic process function, λ may be defined such that dY = λδX is an exact differential. For example, thermodynamic work is a holonomic process function since the integrating factor λ = 1 / p (where p is pressure) will yield exact ...
Within chemistry, a Job plot, otherwise known as the method of continuous variation or Job's method, is a method used in analytical chemistry to determine the stoichiometry of a binding event. The method is named after Paul Job and is also used in instrumental analysis and advanced chemical equilibrium texts and research articles.
Chemistry [ edit ] In chemistry , "activation" refers to the reversible transition of a molecule into a nearly identical chemical or physical state, with the defining characteristic being that this resultant state exhibits an increased propensity to undergo a specified chemical reaction .
Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic and microscopic phenomena in chemical systems in terms of the principles, practices, and concepts of physics such as motion, energy, force, time, thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics, analytical dynamics and chemical equilibria.
The density response function, the functional derivative of the density with respect to the external potential, should be causal: a change in the potential at a given time can not affect the density at earlier times. The response functions from the Dirac action however are symmetric in time so lack the required causal structure.
Click chemistry is not limited to biological conditions: the concept of a "click" reaction has been used in chemoproteomic, pharmacological, biomimetic and molecular machinery applications. [48] Click Chemistry is a powerful tool to probe for the cellular localization of small molecules.
In chemistry, the Sabatier principle is a qualitative concept in heterogeneous catalysis named after the French chemist Paul Sabatier. It states that the interactions between the catalyst and the reactants should be "just right"; that is, neither too strong nor too weak. If the interaction is too weak, the molecule will fail to bind to the ...
Downs' process is an electrochemical method for the commercial preparation of metallic sodium, in which molten NaCl is electrolyzed in a special apparatus called the Downs cell. The Downs cell was invented in 1923 (patented: 1924) by the American chemist James Cloyd Downs (1885–1957).