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Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a gonadotropin, a glycoprotein polypeptide hormone. [1] FSH is synthesized and secreted by the gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland [ 2 ] and regulates the development, growth, pubertal maturation , and reproductive processes of the body.
FSH secretion begins to rise in the last few days of the previous menstrual cycle, [3] and is the highest and most important during the first week of the follicular phase [4] (Figure 1). The rise in FSH levels recruits five to seven tertiary-stage ovarian follicles (this stage follicle is also known as a Graafian follicle or antral follicle ...
In the male, the FSH receptor has been identified on the Sertoli cells that are critical for spermatogenesis. [12] The FSHR is expressed during the luteal phase in the secretory endometrium of the uterus. [13] FSH receptor is selectively expressed on the surface of the blood vessels of a wide range of carcinogenic tumors. [14]
Gonadotropic cells (also known as gonadotropes, gonadotrophs, delta cells, or delta basophils) are endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary that produce gonadotropins.More specifically, gonadotrophs produce and secrete glycoprotein polypeptide hormones, such as the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which are released due to the positive input of gonadotropin ...
The anterior portion of the pituitary gland produces luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and the gonads produce estrogen and testosterone. In oviparous organisms (e.g. fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds), the HPG axis is commonly referred to as the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal-liver axis (HPGL-axis) in females ...
Gonadotropins are glycoprotein hormones secreted by gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary of vertebrates. [1] [2] [3] This family includes the mammalian hormones follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), the placental/chorionic gonadotropins, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), [3] as well as at least two forms of fish ...
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In the absence of a Y chromosome, the fetus will undergo female development. This is because of the presence of the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome, also known as the SRY gene. [5] Thus, male mammals typically have an X and a Y chromosome (XY), while female mammals typically have two X chromosomes (XX).