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Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), also known as surfactant deficiency disorder (SDD), [2] and previously called hyaline membrane disease (HMD), is a syndrome in premature infants caused by developmental insufficiency of pulmonary surfactant production and structural immaturity in the lungs.
Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) is caused by lack of surfactant, commonly seen in premature babies born before 28–32 weeks of gestation. [ citation needed ] Congenital surfactant deficiency
Surfactant produced by infants with SP-B deficiency is abnormal in composition and does not function normally in lowering surface tension. [citation needed] More than 40 different mutations along the length of SFTPB gene have been accounted for in surfactant metabolism dysfunction.
The major surfactant deficiency in premature infants relates to the lack of phosphatidylglycerol, even though it comprises less than 5% of pulmonary surfactant phospholipids. It is synthesized by head group exchange of a phosphatidylcholine enriched phospholipid using the enzyme phospholipase D .
Pleural effusions can also develop, which are also seen with meconium aspiration but not with respiratory distress syndrome. [2] The lungs may also appear hyperinflated. [5] It is a diagnosis of exclusion as it is a benign condition that can have symptoms and signs similar to more serious syndromes, such as respiratory distress or meconium ...
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The most common use is in premature neonates or babies born with respiratory distress syndrome. Conditions adult respiratory distress syndrome or Hyaline Membrane Disease are also sometimes treated with exogenously derived surfactant. One of the more common uses of surfactant therapy is to treat alveolar surfactant deficiency in premature newborns.
Lindsay Clancy, the Massachusetts mother accused of strangling her three young children to death before attempting to kill herself, is seeking an insanity defense, court records show.