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The amount of data transferred in a single cycle is called a physical unit or phit. As is observable, the width of a network is also equal to the phit size. Hence the bandwidth of the network can also be defined in terms of phit/sec. Each message to be transferred can be broken down into smaller chunks of fixed length entities called packets.
In computer networking, the maximum transmission unit (MTU) is the size of the largest protocol data unit (PDU) that can be communicated in a single network layer transaction. [1]: 25 The MTU relates to, but is not identical to the maximum frame size that can be transported on the data link layer, e.g., Ethernet frame.
In telecommunications and computer networking, a network packet is a formatted unit of data carried by a packet-switched network. A packet consists of control information and user data; [ 1 ] the latter is also known as the payload .
The ITU-T G.hn standard, which provides a way to create a high-speed (up to 1 Gigabit/s) Local area network using existing home wiring (power lines, phone lines and coaxial cables), is an example of a protocol that employs packet aggregation to increase efficiency.
A network packet is the fundamental building block for packet-switched networks. [15] When an item such as a file, e-mail message, voice or video stream is transmitted through the network, it is broken into chunks called packets that can be more efficiently moved through the network than one large block of data.
The relative scalability of network data throughput as a function of packet transfer rates is related in a complex manner to payload size per packet. [17] Theoretically, as line bit rate increases, the packet payload size should increase in direct proportion to maintain equivalent timing parameters.
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This animation illustrates a network model in which consecutive packets between hosts take differing routes. Out-of-order delivery is, however, detrimental to the performance of several network protocols, including TCP, so the Internet attempts to route packets associated with the same data stream along the same path most of the time.