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Waaqeffanna is an ethnic religion indigenous to the Oromo people in the Horn of Africa. [1] The word Waaqeffanna is derived from Waaq which is the ancient name for Creator in various Cushitic languages including the Oromo people and Somali people.
The Oromo followed their traditional religion, Waaqeffanna, and were resistant to religious conversion before assimilation in sultanates and Christian kingdoms. [ 28 ] [ 27 ] [ 35 ] [ 36 ] The influential 30-year war from 1529 to 1559 between the three parties – the Oromo who followed Waaqeffanna , the Christians and the Muslims ...
These sultanates included Dawaro, Sharkha, Arababni, Dara, Wej province and Hadiya, and they were responsible for exerting a direct influence on the religious conditions within the Arsi Oromo territories. According to historical records, some of these sultanates were founded on parts or all of the land now occupied by the Arsi Oromo people. [7]
In Oromo and Somali culture, Waaq, Waaqa or Waaqo was the name of God in their pre-Christian and pre-Muslim monotheistic faith believed to have been adhered to by Cushitic groups. [16] It was likely brought to the Horn by speakers of the Proto-Cushitic language who arrived from North Sudan in the Neolithic era. [ 2 ]
The Barento Oromo people in Arsi, Bale and Hararghe regions abandoned their traditional religions in the 9th century, when they were converted to Islam. [8] In eastern regions close to Somalia, about 98.5% of the Barento people now follow Islam. Some people away from Somalia border, in the Arsi Zone and the Bale Zone follow Orthodox Christianity
Qallu is a common name known in Oromo and Somali traditions because there is a clan called “Qallu’’ within each of these ethnic groups. However, it is the Somalis who enthusiastically refer to the name. [2]
The Boorana (also known as Borana) [9] are one of the two major subgroups of the Oromo people. A Cushitic ethnic group, they primarily inhabit the Borena Zone of the Oromia Region of Ethiopia and the former Eastern Province in northern Kenya, specifically Marsabit County. [10] They speak a distinct dialect of the Oromo language by the same name ...
In the Guji Zone where most Gujis are found, there are three major religions: original Oromo religion (), Islam and Christianity. [2]However, according to the 2007 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), 60% of the population said they were Protestant Christianity, and 2.11% said they practised Orthodox Christianity.