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To bisect an angle with straightedge and compass, one draws a circle whose center is the vertex. The circle meets the angle at two points: one on each leg. Using each of these points as a center, draw two circles of the same size. The intersection of the circles (two points) determines a line that is the angle bisector.
The angle bisector theorem is commonly used when the angle bisectors and side lengths are known. It can be used in a calculation or in a proof. An immediate consequence of the theorem is that the angle bisector of the vertex angle of an isosceles triangle will also bisect the opposite side.
In a triangle, four basic types of sets of concurrent lines are altitudes, angle bisectors, medians, and perpendicular bisectors: A triangle's altitudes run from each vertex and meet the opposite side at a right angle. The point where the three altitudes meet is the orthocenter.
A line that is an angle bisector is equidistant from both of its lines when measuring by the perpendicular. At the point where two bisectors intersect, this point is perpendicularly equidistant from the final angle's forming lines (because they are the same distance from this angles opposite edge), and therefore lies on its angle bisector line.
In a triangle, three intersection points, each of an external angle bisector with the opposite extended side, are collinear. [18]: 149 In a triangle, three intersection points, two between an interior angle bisector and the opposite side, and the third between the other exterior angle bisector and the opposite side extended are collinear.
The center of the incircle, called the incenter, can be found as the intersection of the three internal angle bisectors. [3] [4] The center of an excircle is the intersection of the internal bisector of one angle (at vertex A, for example) and the external bisectors of the other two.
Although originally formulated only for internal angle bisectors, it works for many (but not all) cases when, instead, two external angle bisectors are equal. The 30-30-120 isosceles triangle makes a boundary case for this variation of the theorem, as it has four equal angle bisectors (two internal, two external). [29]
The parameters most commonly appearing in triangle inequalities are: the side lengths a, b, and c;; the semiperimeter s = (a + b + c) / 2 (half the perimeter p);; the angle measures A, B, and C of the angles of the vertices opposite the respective sides a, b, and c (with the vertices denoted with the same symbols as their angle measures);