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  2. Protein pKa calculations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_pKa_calculations

    The pK a values of an amino acid side chain in solution is typically inferred from the pK a values of model compounds (compounds that are similar to the side chains of amino acids). See Amino acid for the pK a values of all amino acid side chains inferred in such a way. There are also numerous experimental studies that have yielded such values ...

  3. Hydrophobicity scales - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophobicity_scales

    Also, amino acid side chain affinity for water was measured using vapor phases. [14] Vapor phases represent the simplest non polar phases, because it has no interaction with the solute. [ 18 ] The hydration potential and its correlation to the appearance of amino acids on the surface of proteins was studied by Wolfenden.

  4. Acid dissociation constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant

    The hydroxide ion OH −, a well known base, is here acting as the conjugate base of the acid water. Acids and bases are thus regarded simply as donors and acceptors of protons respectively. A broader definition of acid dissociation includes hydrolysis, in which protons are produced by the splitting of water molecules.

  5. Amino acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid

    The polar, uncharged amino acids serine (Ser, S), threonine (Thr, T), asparagine (Asn, N) and glutamine (Gln, Q) readily form hydrogen bonds with water and other amino acids. [32] They do not ionize in normal conditions, a prominent exception being the catalytic serine in serine proteases. This is an example of severe perturbation, and is not ...

  6. Hydrophilicity plot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophilicity_plot

    For instance, if a stretch of about 20 amino acids shows positive for hydrophobicity, these amino acids may be part of alpha-helix spanning across a lipid bilayer, which is composed of hydrophobic fatty acids. On the converse, amino acids with high hydrophilicity indicate that these residues are in contact with solvent, or water, and that they ...

  7. Protein kinase A - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_kinase_A

    In cell biology, protein kinase A (PKA) is a family of serine-threonine kinase [1] whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP). PKA is also known as cAMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.11). PKA has several functions in the cell, including regulation of glycogen, sugar, and lipid metabolism.

  8. Isoelectric point - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoelectric_point

    Some improvements in the methodology (especially in the determination of the pK values for modified amino acids) have been also proposed. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] More advanced methods take into account the effect of adjacent amino acids ±3 residues away from a charged aspartic or glutamic acid , the effects on free C terminus, as well as they apply a ...

  9. Protein precipitation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_Precipitation

    Proteins that have high hydrophobic amino acid content on the surface have low solubility in an aqueous solvent. Charged and polar surface residues interact with ionic groups in the solvent and increase the solubility of a protein. Knowledge of a protein's amino acid composition will aid in determining an ideal precipitation solvent and methods.