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Esophageal candidiasis is an opportunistic infection of the esophagus by Candida albicans. The disease usually occurs in patients in immunocompromised states, including post-chemotherapy and in AIDS. However, it can also occur in patients with no predisposing risk factors, and is more likely to be asymptomatic in those patients. [1]
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Esophagitis, also spelled oesophagitis, is a disease characterized by inflammation of the esophagus. The esophagus is a tube composed of a mucosal lining, and longitudinal and circular smooth muscle fibers. It connects the pharynx to the stomach; swallowed food and liquids normally pass through it. [1]
If it is caused by esophagitis, in turn caused by an underlying infection, it is commonly treated by treating the infection (typically with antibiotics). In order to open the stricture, a surgeon can insert a bougie – a weighted tube used to dilate the constricted areas in the esophagus. [3] It can sometimes be treated with other medications.
While the diagnosis of lymphocytic esophagitis depends on the biopsy results, certain changes can be visualized directly at the time of endoscopy. The esophagus may be narrow in calibre, [5] may show multiple rings, [5] redness, [5] linear furrows [1] or the mucosal lining may slide demonstrating a "crepe-paper" appearance. [1]
Cytomegalovirus esophagitis is a form of esophagitis associated with cytomegalovirus. [1] Symptoms include dysphagia , upper abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and sometimes hematemesis . This condition occurs in the setting of patients with a weakened immune system who are susceptible to both infections by CMV and the manifestation of ...
Fungemia is the presence of fungi or yeast in the blood.The most common type, also known as candidemia, candedemia, or systemic candidiasis, is caused by Candida species. . Candidemia is also among the most common bloodstream infections of any ki
The mechanism the human immune system has is normally to fight an infection (like Candida). Initially, Th17 cells are made by the immune system, which in turn produces interleukin-17 (IL-17). This induces inflammation and white blood cells confront infection. [9] Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis mutations affect IL-17 by inhibiting its pathway.