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  2. Geoffrey Chaucer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer

    Geoffrey Chaucer (/ ˈ tʃ ɔː s ər / CHAW-sər; c. 1343 – 25 October 1400) was an English poet, author, and civil servant best known for The Canterbury Tales. [1] He has been called the "father of English literature", or, alternatively, the "father of English poetry". [2]

  3. Social movement theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_movement_theory

    Social movement theory is an interdisciplinary study within the social sciences that generally seeks to explain why social mobilization occurs, the forms under which it manifests, as well as potential social, cultural, political, and economic consequences, such as the creation and functioning of social movements.

  4. Estates of the realm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estates_of_the_realm

    The struggle over investiture and the reform movement also legitimized all secular authorities, partly on the grounds of their obligation to enforce discipline. [7] In the 11th and 12th centuries, thinkers argued that human society consisted of three orders: those who pray, those who fight, and those who labour.

  5. Social movement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_movement

    innovation movement - movements which want to introduce or change particular norms, values, etc. The singularitarianism movement advocating deliberate action to effect and ensure the safety of the technological singularity is an example of an innovation movement. conservative movement - movements which want to preserve existing norms, values, etc.

  6. The Canterbury Tales - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales

    Chaucer may have read the Decameron during his first diplomatic mission to Italy in 1372. [citation needed] Chaucer used a wide variety of sources, but some, in particular, were used frequently over several tales, among them the Bible, Classical poetry by Ovid, and the works of contemporary Italian writers Petrarch and Dante. Chaucer was the ...

  7. Social mobility - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_mobility

    Social mobility is the movement of individuals, families, households or other categories of people within or between social strata in a society. [1] It is a change in social status relative to one's current social location within a given society. This movement occurs between layers or tiers in an open system of social stratification.

  8. Social history - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_history

    There are many definitions of social history, most of them isolated to national historiographies. The most consequential definition of social history is the one Thompson provided. Thompson saw his "history from below" approach as an attempt to reveal the "social nexus" through which broadscale change occurs. [5]

  9. Social criticism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_criticism

    Social criticism can be expressed in a fictional form, e.g. in a revolutionary novel like The Iron Heel (1908) by Jack London, in dystopian novels like Aldous Huxley's Brave New World (1932), George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451 (1953), amd Rafael Grugman's Nontraditional Love (2008), or in children's books or films.