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Implicit bias is the subliminal prejudice that can lead to racism. “Many people use the terms ‘prejudice’ and ‘racism’ interchangeably, but this is inaccurate,” explains Tatum.
This training, based on the ultimate attribution error, reduces implicit prejudice by getting people to focus on situational explanations for negative behaviors displayed by members of stigmatized groups. Again, it is unclear if this leads to a decrease in conscious prejudiced attitudes. Thought process reconditioning. Some research suggests ...
Implicit bias is an aspect of implicit social cognition: the phenomenon that perceptions, attitudes, and stereotypes operate without conscious intention. For example, researchers may have implicit bias when designing survey questions and as a result, the questions do not produce accurate results or fail to encourage survey participation. [124]
The commonly used definition of implicit attitude within cognitive and social psychology comes from Anthony Greenwald and Mahzarin Banaji's template for definitions of terms related to implicit cognition: [a] "Implicit attitudes are introspectively unidentified (or inaccurately identified) traces of past experience that mediate favorable or ...
An implicit bias or implicit stereotype is the pre-reflective attribution of particular qualities by an individual to a member of some social out group. [ 1 ] Implicit stereotypes are thought to be shaped by experience and based on learned associations between particular qualities and social categories, including race and/or gender. [ 2 ]
Biases that affect memory, [18] such as consistency bias (remembering one's past attitudes and behavior as more similar to one's present attitudes). Biases that reflect a subject's motivation , [ 19 ] for example, the desire for a positive self-image leading to egocentric bias and the avoidance of unpleasant cognitive dissonance .
[15] [16] [19] In this tripartite view of intergroup attitudes, stereotypes reflect expectations and beliefs about the members of groups perceived as different from one's own, prejudice represents the emotional response, and discrimination refers to actions. [15] [16] Although related, the three concepts can exist independently of each other.
For example, Gladwell claims that prejudice can operate at an intuitive unconscious level, even in individuals whose conscious attitudes are not prejudiced. One example is the halo effect , where a person having a salient positive quality is thought to be superior in other, unrelated respects.