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Apollo 14 (January 31 – February 9, 1971) was the eighth crewed mission in the United States Apollo program, the third to land on the Moon, and the first to land in the lunar highlands. It was the last of the " H missions ", landings at specific sites of scientific interest on the Moon for two-day stays with two lunar extravehicular ...
Despite the successes of Apollo 11 and Apollo 12, Apollo 14 was something of a "Recovery Mission" following the incomplete nature of Apollo 13.Since the decision had already been made for Apollo 13 to visit the Fra Mauro Formation for scientific purposes, this was simply moved forward to be Apollo 14's destination as well.
This was achieved following the installation of a retroreflector array on July 21, 1969 by the crew of Apollo 11. Two more retroreflector arrays were left by the Apollo 14 and Apollo 15 missions. Successful lunar laser range measurements to the retroreflectors were first reported on Aug. 1, 1969 by the 3.1 m telescope at Lick Observatory. [9]
The Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation, or APOLLO, [1] is a project at the Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico. [2] It is an extension and advancement of previous Lunar Laser Ranging experiments , which use retroreflectors on the Moon to track changes in lunar orbital distance and motion.
The Apollo 11 LRRR was deployed on the lunar surface by the Apollo 11 astronaut, Buzz Aldrin, on July 21, 1969. The package was deployed approximately 60 feet (18 m) from Lunar Module Eagle . [ 5 ] Aldrin initially aligned the face of the array in an approximate fashion so that it faced the Earth, with more precise alignment provided by a ...
The Lunar Receiving Laboratory shortly after it was built. First samples from the Moon being delivered to LRL in 1969. The Lunar Receiving Laboratory (LRL) was a facility at NASA's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (Building 37) that was constructed to quarantine astronauts and material brought back from the Moon during the Apollo program to reduce the risk of back-contamination.
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After Apollo 13 failed to land, mission planners decided to re-target Apollo 14 to Fra Mauro, as they regarded Fra Mauro as more interesting scientifically than the Littrow site. There, Apollo 14 had the objective of sampling ejecta from the Imbrium impact to gain insight into the Moon's geologic history. Mission planners chose a landing site ...