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Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is gastrointestinal bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract, commonly defined as bleeding arising from the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum. Blood may be observed in vomit or in altered form as black stool. Depending on the amount of the blood loss, symptoms may include shock.
Vomiting (also known as emesis, puking and throwing up) [a] is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose. [ 1 ]
Gastroenteritis is defined as vomiting or diarrhea due to inflammation of the small or large bowel, often due to infection. [17] The changes in the small bowel are typically noninflammatory, while the ones in the large bowel are inflammatory. [ 17 ]
Medical nutrition therapy plays an essential role in managing the symptoms of the disease by preventing reflux, preventing pain and irritation, and decreasing gastric secretions. [ 10 ] Some foods such as chocolate, mint, high-fat food, and alcohol have been shown to relax the lower esophageal sphincter, increasing the risk of reflux. [ 10 ]
Medical condition Flatulence Other names Farting, breaking wind, passing gas, cutting the cheese, cutting one loose, ripping one, tooting Specialty Gastroenterology Flatulence is the expulsion of gas from the intestines via the anus, commonly referred to as farting. "Flatus" is the medical word for gas generated in the stomach or bowels. A proportion of intestinal gas may be swallowed ...
Nausea and vomiting associated with migraine headaches respond best to dopamine antagonists such as metoclopramide, prochlorperazine, and chlorpromazine. [22] In cases of gastroenteritis, serotonin antagonists such as ondansetron were found to suppress nausea and vomiting, as well as reduce the need for IV fluid resuscitation. [ 22 ]
It is defined by the sensation of "heartburn" or a burning sensation in the chest as a result of inappropriate relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter at the site where the esophagus connects to the stomach. It is often treated with proton pump inhibitors.
Diagnosis is often supported by medical imaging. [1] In children, ultrasound is preferred while in adults a CT scan is preferred. [1] Intussusception is an emergency requiring rapid treatment. [1] Treatment in children is typically by an enema with surgery used if this is not successful. [1] Dexamethasone may decrease the risk of another ...