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The Raspberry Pi (Model 2B shown) is a low-cost single-board computer often used to teach computer science. [ 1] A single-board computer ( SBC) is a complete computer built on a single circuit board, with microprocessor (s), memory, input/output (I/O) and other features required of a functional computer. Single-board computers are commonly made ...
Computer hardware. PDP-11 CPU board. Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), motherboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, and computer case. It includes external devices such as a monitor, mouse, keyboard, and speakers. [ 1][ 2]
Bus (computing) In computer architecture, a bus[ 1] (historically also called data highway[ 2] or databus) is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer, or between computers. This expression covers all related hardware components (wire, optical fiber, etc.) and software, including communication protocols.
Embedded system. An embedded system is a computer system —a combination of a computer processor, computer memory, and input/output peripheral devices—that has a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electronic system. [ 1][ 2] It is embedded as part of a complete device often including electrical or electronic hardware and ...
A central processing unit ( CPU ), also called a central processor, main processor, or just processor, is the most important processor in a given computer. [ 1][ 2] Its electronic circuitry executes instructions of a computer program, such as arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations. [ 3][ 4][ 5] This role contrasts ...
Processor (computing) In computing and computer science, a processor or processing unit is an electrical component ( digital circuit) that performs operations on an external data source, usually memory or some other data stream. [ 1] It typically takes the form of a microprocessor, which can be implemented on a single or a few tightly ...
Distributed computing. Distributed computing is a field of computer science that studies distributed systems, defined as computer systems whose inter-communicating components are located on different networked computers. [ 1][ 2] The components of a distributed system communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages to one another ...
Classes of computers. Different types of computers – clockwise from top left: Desktop computer (IBM ThinkCentre S50 with monitor) Smartphone ( LYF Water 2) Supercomputer (IBM Blue Gene/P) Video game console (Nintendo GameCube) Computers can be classified, or typed, in many ways. Some common classifications of computers are given below.