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Clay minerals are very common in soils, in fine-grained sedimentary rocks such as shale, mudstone, and siltstone and in fine-grained metamorphic slate and phyllite. [ 9 ] Given the requirement of water, clay minerals are relatively rare in the Solar System , though they occur extensively on Earth where water has interacted with other minerals ...
A Quaternary clay deposit in Estonia, laid down about 400,000 years ago. Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals [ 1] (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolinite, Al 2 Si 2 O 5 ( OH) 4 ). Most pure clay minerals are white or light-coloured, but natural clays show a variety of colours from impurities ...
There is no clear relationship between the size of soil mineral components and their mineralogical nature: sand and silt particles can be calcareous as well as siliceous, [18] while textural clay (0.002 mm (7.9 × 10 −5 in)) can be made of very fine quartz particles as well as of multi-layered secondary minerals. [19] Soil mineral components ...
Expansive clay is a clay soil that is prone to large volume changes (swelling and shrinking) that are directly related to changes in water content. [ 1] Soils with a high content of expansive minerals can form deep cracks in drier seasons or years; such soils are called vertisols. Soils with smectite clay minerals, including montmorillonite and ...
The shrink–swell capacity of soils refers to the extent certain clay minerals will expand when wet and retract when dry. Soil with a high shrink–swell capacity is problematic and is known as shrink–swell soil, or expansive soil. [1] The amount of certain clay minerals that are present, such as montmorillonite and smectite, directly ...
Potassium fixation often occurs when soils dry and the potassium is bonded between layers of 2:1 expansive clay minerals such as illite, vermiculite or montmorillonite. [88] Under certain conditions, dependent on the soil texture, intensity of drying, and initial amount of exchangeable potassium, the fixed percentage may be as much as 90 ...
Iron oxides and clay minerals accumulate as a result of weathering. In soil, where substances move down from the topsoil, this is the layer where they accumulate. The process of accumulation of clay minerals, iron, aluminum, and organic compounds, is referred to as illuviation. The B horizon has generally a soil structure.
Fuller's earth consists primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates (clay minerals) of varying composition. [1] Common components are montmorillonite, kaolinite, and attapulgite. Small amounts of other minerals may be present in fuller's earth deposits, including calcite, dolomite, and quartz.
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