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Clay minerals are hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates (e.g. kaolin, Al 2 Si 2 O 5 ( OH) 4 ), sometimes with variable amounts of iron, magnesium, alkali metals, alkaline earths, and other cations found on or near some planetary surfaces . Clay minerals form in the presence of water [ 1] and have been important to life, and many theories of ...
Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals [1] (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolinite, Al 2 Si 2 O 5 4). Most pure clay minerals are white or light-coloured, but natural clays show a variety of colours from impurities, such as a reddish or brownish colour from small amounts of iron oxide .
Kaolinite ( / ˈkeɪ.ələˌnaɪt, - lɪ -/ KAY-ə-lə-nyte, -lih-; also called kaolin) [ 5][ 6][ 7] is a clay mineral, with the chemical composition: Al 2 Si 2 O 5 ( OH) 4. It is a layered silicate mineral, with one tetrahedral sheet of silica ( SiO4) linked through oxygen atoms to one octahedral sheet of alumina ( AlO6 ).
Some rock types containing chlorite, such as chlorite schist, have minor decorative uses or as construction stone. However, chlorite is a common mineral in clay, which has a vast number of uses. [9] Chlorite schist has been used as roofing granules, the mineral granules adhered to asphalt composition shingles due to the green color.
Claystone – Clastic sedimentary rock composed primarily of clay-sized particles. Coal – Combustible sedimentary rock composed primarily of carbon. Conglomerate – Sedimentary rock composed of smaller rock fragments. Coquina – Sedimentary rock that is composed mostly of fragments of shells.
Smectite. A smectite (from Ancient Greek σμηκτός (smēktós) 'lubricated'; from σμηκτρίς (smēktrís) 'walker's earth, fuller's earth '; lit. 'rubbing earth; earth that has the property of cleaning') [ 1] is a mineral mixture of various swelling sheet silicates ( phyllosilicates ), which have a three-layer 2:1 (TOT) structure and ...
Aquamarine variety of beryl with tourmaline on orthoclase. Arsenopyrite from Hidalgo del Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico. Aurichalcite needles spraying out within a protected pocket lined by bladed calcite crystals. Austinite from the Ojuela Mine, Mapimí, Durango, Mexico. Ametrine containing amethyst and citrine, from Bolivia.
Clastic rock. A thin section of a clast (sand grain), derived from a basalt scoria. Vesicles (air bubbles) can be seen throughout the clast. Plane light above, cross- polarized light below. Scale box is 0.25 mm. Clastic rocks are composed of fragments, or clasts, of pre-existing minerals and rock. A clast is a fragment of geological detritus ...
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