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  2. Relative change - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_change

    A percentage change is a way to express a change in a variable. It represents the relative change between the old value and the new one. [6]For example, if a house is worth $100,000 today and the year after its value goes up to $110,000, the percentage change of its value can be expressed as = = %.

  3. Pythagorean expectation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_expectation

    Initially the correlation between the formula and actual winning percentage was simply an experimental observation. In 2003, Hein Hundal provided an inexact derivation of the formula and showed that the Pythagorean exponent was approximately 2/(σ √ π) where σ was the standard deviation of runs scored by all teams divided by the average number of runs scored. [8]

  4. Amdahl's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amdahl's_law

    Amdahl's law. The theoretical speedup of the latency (via a reduction of latency, ie: latency as a metric is elapsed time between an input and output in a system) of the execution of a program as a function of the number of processors executing it, according to Amdahl's law. The speedup is limited by the serial part of the program.

  5. Lambda-CDM model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda-CDM_model

    The fraction of the total energy density of our (flat or almost flat) universe that is dark energy, , is estimated to be 0.669 ± 0.038 based on the 2018 Dark Energy Survey results using Type Ia supernovae [8] or 0.6847 ± 0.0073 based on the 2018 release of Planck satellite data, or more than 68.3 % (2018 estimate) of the mass–energy density ...

  6. Binomial distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_distribution

    The binomial distribution is the PMF of k successes given n independent events each with a probability p of success. Mathematically, when α = k + 1 and β = n − k + 1, the beta distribution and the binomial distribution are related by [clarification needed] a factor of n + 1 :

  7. Fenske equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenske_equation

    Fractionation at total reflux. The Fenske equation in continuous fractional distillation is an equation used for calculating the minimum number of theoretical plates required for the separation of a binary feed stream by a fractionation column that is being operated at total reflux (i.e., which means that no overhead product distillate is being ...

  8. Coefficient of restitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient_of_restitution

    The coefficient of restitution ( COR, also denoted by e ), is the ratio of the relative velocity of separation after collision to the relative velocity of approach before collision. It can also be defined as the square root of the ratio of the final kinetic energy to the initial kinetic energy. It normally ranges from 0 to 1 where 1 would be a ...

  9. Allele frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allele_frequency

    Allele frequency, or gene frequency, is the relative frequency of an allele (variant of a gene) at a particular locus in a population, expressed as a fraction or percentage. [ 1] Specifically, it is the fraction of all chromosomes in the population that carry that allele over the total population or sample size.