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The sample mean ( sample average) or empirical mean ( empirical average ), and the sample covariance or empirical covariance are statistics computed from a sample of data on one or more random variables . The sample mean is the average value (or mean value) of a sample of numbers taken from a larger population of numbers, where "population ...
A statistic (singular) or sample statistic is any quantity computed from values in a sample which is considered for a statistical purpose. Statistical purposes include estimating a population parameter, describing a sample, or evaluating a hypothesis. The average (or mean) of sample values is a statistic. The term statistic is used both for the ...
In statistics, a sampling distribution or finite-sample distribution is the probability distribution of a given random-sample -based statistic. If an arbitrarily large number of samples, each involving multiple observations (data points), were separately used in order to compute one value of a statistic (such as, for example, the sample mean or ...
The arithmetic mean (or simply mean or average) of a list of numbers, is the sum of all of the numbers divided by the number of numbers. Similarly, the mean of a sample , usually denoted by , is the sum of the sampled values divided by the number of items in the sample. For example, the arithmetic mean of five values: 4, 36, 45, 50, 75 is:
Definition. The arithmetic mean of a set of observed data is equal to the sum of the numerical values of each observation, divided by the total number of observations. Symbolically, for a data set consisting of the values , the arithmetic mean is defined by the formula: [ 2] (For an explanation of the summation operator, see summation .)
Statistical parameter. World population distribution. In statistics, as opposed to its general use in mathematics, a parameter is any quantity of a statistical population that summarizes or describes an aspect of the population, such as a mean or a standard deviation. If a population exactly follows a known and defined distribution, for example ...
A visual representation of the sampling process. In statistics, quality assurance, and survey methodology, sampling is the selection of a subset or a statistical sample (termed sample for short) of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population. The subset is meant to reflect the whole ...
Research. A descriptive statistic (in the count noun sense) is a summary statistic that quantitatively describes or summarizes features from a collection of information, [ 1] while descriptive statistics (in the mass noun sense) is the process of using and analysing those statistics. Descriptive statistics is distinguished from inferential ...