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The sigmoid colon (or pelvic colon) is the part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus. It forms a loop that averages about 35–40 centimetres (14–16 in) in length. The loop is typically shaped like a Greek letter sigma (ς) or Latin letter S (thus sigma + -oid).
Sigmoidoscopy ("sigma", the Greek term for letter "s/ς" + "eidos" + "scopy": namely, to look inside an "s"/"ς"-like object) is the minimally invasive medical examination of the large intestine from the rectum through to the nearest part of the colon, the sigmoid colon. There are two types of sigmoidoscopy: flexible sigmoidoscopy, which uses a ...
Sigmoid colon volvulus, also known as sigmoid volvulus, is volvulus affecting the sigmoid colon. It is a common cause of bowel obstruction [ 1] and constipation. It is common in Asia, India (7% of intestinal obstruction) and especially South India because of the high fibre diet. It is a very common cause of large bowel obstruction in Peru and ...
47,400 together with Crohn's (2015) [ 6] Ulcerative colitis ( UC) is one of the two types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with the other type being Crohn's disease. [ 1] It is a long-term condition that results in inflammation and ulcers of the colon and rectum. [ 1][ 7] The primary symptoms of active disease are abdominal pain and ...
A volvulus is when a loop of intestine twists around itself and the mesentery that supports it, resulting in a bowel obstruction. [ 1] Symptoms include abdominal pain, abdominal bloating, vomiting, constipation, and bloody stool. [ 1][ 2] Onset of symptoms may be rapid or more gradual. [ 2] The mesentery may become so tightly twisted that blood ...
Diverticulitis, also called colonic diverticulitis, is a gastrointestinal disease characterized by inflammation of abnormal pouches— diverticula —that can develop in the wall of the large intestine. [ 1] Symptoms typically include lower abdominal pain of sudden onset, but the onset may also occur over a few days. [ 1]
Neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) is the inability to control defecation due to a deterioration of or injury to the nervous system, resulting in faecal incontinence or constipation. [ 1] It is common in people with spinal cord injury (SCI), multiple sclerosis (MS) or spina bifida. [ 2]
Colonoscopy. Colonoscopy ( / ˌkɒləˈnɒskəpi /) or coloscopy ( / kəˈlɒskəpi /) [ 1] is a medical procedure involving the endoscopic examination of the large bowel (colon) and the distal portion of the small bowel. This examination is performed using either a CCD camera or a fiber optic camera, which is mounted on a flexible tube and ...