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PHIVOLCS Observatory at Mount Hibok-Hibok.. The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS, Filipino:; Filipino: Surian ng Pilipinas sa Bulkanolohiya at Sismolohiya [2]) is a Philippine national institution dedicated to provide information on the activities of volcanoes, earthquakes, and tsunamis, as well as other specialized information and services primarily for the ...
PHIVOLCS cites seismic scale specifically developed for the Philippine setting, the different geography of each country and other "geological considerations" led to the development of PEIS. The scale measures the effect of an earthquake on a given area based on its relative effect to people, structures and objects in the surroundings.
Seismic intensity scales categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) at a given location, such as resulting from an earthquake.They are distinguished from seismic magnitude scales, which measure the magnitude or overall strength of an earthquake, which may, or perhaps may not, cause perceptible shaking.
[1] One of the most devastating earthquakes in recorded history was the 1556 Shaanxi earthquake, which occurred on 23 January 1556 in Shaanxi, China. More than 830,000 people died. [2] Most houses in the area were yaodongs—dwellings carved out of loess hillsides—and many victims were killed when these structures collapsed.
Eruptions were recorded from 1886 to 2006. On November 23, 2015 the volcano had a small, steam-driven explosion. PHIVOLCS raised the alert level to 1 (mild restiveness). Last eruption was on December 9, 2024 which PHIVOLCS classified as phreatic eruption. Kanlaon ejected about 3 kilometers high column of pyroclastic ash and incandescent materials.
[2] The region is bounded by subduction zones, where surrounding oceanic plates to the east and west slide towards the centre of the Philippine archipelago. [3] [2] Subduction results in deep oceanic trenches, such as the Philippine Trench and Manila Trench, which bound the eastern and western sides of the Philippine archipelago, respectively. [4]
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Volcanologists classify Hibok-Hibok or Catarman Volcano as a stratovolcano [1] and dome complex [5] with an elevation of 1,332 metres (4,370 ft) and a base diameter of 10 kilometres (6.2 mi). It was described in a 1905 report as having "suddenly risen from the plain a short distance from the town of Catarmin in 1872.