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Methacholine is primarily used to diagnose bronchial hyperreactivity, [1] which is the hallmark of asthma and also occurs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.This is accomplished through the bronchial challenge test, or methacholine challenge, in which a subject inhales aerosolized methacholine, leading to bronchoconstriction.
Thus the test may also be called a methacholine challenge test or histamine challenge test respectively. Both drugs provoke bronchoconstriction , or narrowing of the airways. Whereas histamine causes nasal and bronchial mucus secretion and bronchoconstriction via the H1 receptor , methacholine utilizes the M3 receptor for bronchoconstriction.
Methacholine +++ + ++ Used to diagnose bronchial hyperreactivity, [11] a hallmark of asthma and COPD. Bethanechol +++--Used in bladder and gastrointestinal hypotonia. Muscarine +++--Natural alkaloid found in certain mushrooms. Cause of one form of mushroom poisoning Nicotine-+++-Natural alkaloid found in the tobacco plant. Pilocarpine ++--Used ...
The methacholine challenge involves the inhalation of increasing concentrations of a substance that causes airway narrowing in those predisposed. If negative it means that a person does not have asthma; if positive, however, it is not specific for the disease.
Theophylline. Theophylline relaxes the bronchial smooth muscle and pulmonary artery smooth muscle. In addition, it also reduces the airway responsiveness to allergens, adenosine, methacholine, and histamine by two distinct mechanisms: [3]
Choline theophyllinate and choline salicylate are used as medicines, [2] [45] as well as structural analogs, like methacholine and carbachol. [46] Radiolabeled cholines, like 11 C-choline, are used in medical imaging. [47] Other commercially used salts include tricholine citrate and choline bicarbonate. [2]
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Bethanechol is a parasympathomimetic choline carbamate that selectively stimulates muscarinic receptors without any effect on nicotinic receptors.Unlike acetylcholine, bethanechol is not hydrolyzed by cholinesterase and will therefore have a long duration of action.