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  2. Copy constructor (C++) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copy_constructor_(C++)

    These cases are collectively called copy-initialization and are equivalent to: [2] T x = a; It is however, not guaranteed that a copy constructor will be called in these cases, because the C++ Standard allows the compiler to optimize the copy away in certain cases, one example being the return value optimization (sometimes referred to as RVO).

  3. Initialization (programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initialization_(programming)

    In C++, a constructor of a class/struct can have an initializer list within the definition but prior to the constructor body. It is important to note that when you use an initialization list, the values are not assigned to the variable. They are initialized. In the below example, 0 is initialized into re and im. Example:

  4. INI file - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INI_file

    An INI file is a configuration file for computer software that consists of plain text with a structure and syntax comprising key–value pairs organized in sections. [1] The name of these configuration files comes from the filename extension INI, short for initialization, used in the MS-DOS operating system which popularized this method of software configuration.

  5. Copy elision - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copy_elision

    In C++ computer programming, copy elision refers to a compiler optimization technique that eliminates unnecessary copying of objects.. The C++ language standard generally allows implementations to perform any optimization, provided the resulting program's observable behavior is the same as if, i.e. pretending, the program were executed exactly as mandated by the standard.

  6. Compatibility of C and C++ - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compatibility_of_C_and_C++

    C++ enforces stricter typing rules (no implicit violations of the static type system [1]), and initialization requirements (compile-time enforcement that in-scope variables do not have initialization subverted) [7] than C, and so some valid C code is invalid in C++. A rationale for these is provided in Annex C.1 of the ISO C++ standard. [8]

  7. Rule of three (C++ programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_three_(C++...

    The rule of three (also known as the law of the big three or the big three) is a rule of thumb in C++ (prior to C++11) that claims that if a class defines any of the following then it should probably explicitly define all three: [1] destructor; copy constructor; copy assignment operator; These three functions are special member functions. If ...

  8. Double-checked locking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-checked_locking

    There are valid forms of the pattern, including the use of the volatile keyword in Java and explicit memory barriers in C++. [4] The pattern is typically used to reduce locking overhead when implementing "lazy initialization" in a multi-threaded environment, especially as part of the Singleton pattern. Lazy initialization avoids initializing a ...

  9. Substitution failure is not an error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_failure_is...

    Here, attempting to use a non-class type in a qualified name (T::foo) results in a deduction failure for f<int> because int has no nested type named foo, but the program is well-formed because a valid function remains in the set of candidate functions.