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Any antiretroviral drug: Black tar heroin: Whoonga, Nyaope [8] Widespread use in South Africa. Whoonga is classically reputed to be a combination of heroin with antiretroviral drugs such as ritonavir and/or efavirenz, often combined with additional drugs such as cannabis or hashish, methamphetamine and/or methaqualone: Any deliriant or diphen ...
The drug or other substance has no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. There is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision. The complete list of Schedule I substances is as follows. [1] The Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number for each substance is included.
The drug or other substance has a potential for abuse less than the drugs or other substances in schedules I and II. The drug or other substance has a currently [1] accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence.
If the combination of two drugs in combination therapy has an effect lower than the sum of the effects of the two drugs acting independently, also known as antagonistic effect, the drugs will seldom be prescribed together in the same therapy. Drug or chemical combinations with additive effects can cause adverse effects.
Caffeine is considered one of the most widely consumed drugs around the world. Around 80% of the world population consumes caffeine in one form or another. [2] It is found in coffee, tea, caffeinated alcoholic drinks, cocoa, chocolate, soft drinks, especially cola, and is an important component of energy drinks and other dietary supplements. [1]
Caffeine can be used as a probe for three different enzymes by measuring several of its urinary metabolites and comparing their relative concentrations. The 'Cooperstown 5 + 1 cocktail', [ 2 ] in addition to the four drug probes mentioned above, incorporates warfarin as well.
The combination was first introduced as the name Trigesic, as the formula of 125 mg paracetamol, 230 mg aspirin, and 30 mg caffeine, in July 1950 by Squibb, which is now Bristol Myers Squibb, but was recalled in the following year due to several reports that the drug might cause blood dyscrasia. [5]
[citation needed] Caffeine, with a stimulating effect, is a drug that wards off drowsiness and restores alertness. It also enhances the analgesic potency of paracetamol, although a Cochrane review concluded that a dose of 100 mg is needed for an effect – double the amount contained in Saridon. [5]