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Wall framing in house construction includes the vertical and horizontal members of exterior walls and interior partitions, both of bearing walls and non-bearing walls. . These stick members, referred to as studs, wall plates and lintels (sometimes called headers), serve as a nailing base for all covering material and support the upper floor platforms, which provide the lateral strength along a
This is the simplest arrangement of masonry units. If the wall is two wythes thick, one header is used to bind the two wythes together. [3] Header course: This is a course made up of a row of headers. [1] Bond course: This is a course of headers that bond the facing masonry to the backing masonry. [1] Plinth: The bottom course of a wall.
sill - a stud sized member forming the base of a window assembly or the base of wall. mudsill - a stud sized member that forms the base of a wall and has been treated against insects and decay. top plate or double top plate - a stud sized member that forms the top of the wall. In cases where other members must bear or brace on the top of the ...
The beams are spaced 4 feet (1.2 m) to 18 feet (5.5 m) apart and the planks are 2 inches (5.1 cm) or more thick possibly with another layer of 1 inch (2.5 cm) on the top as the finished flooring could span these distances. The planks may be laid flat and tongue and grooved or splined together or laid on edge called a laminated floor. [24]
Some are structural, providing strength for a wall made with inferior stone or rubble, [2] while others merely add aesthetic detail to a corner. [3] According to one 19th-century encyclopedia, these imply strength, permanence, and expense, all reinforcing the onlooker's sense of a structure's presence.
A typical timber shear wall consists of braced panels in the wall line, constructed using structural plywood sheathing, specific nailing at the edges, and supporting framing. A shear wall is an element of a structurally engineered system that is designed to resist in- plane lateral forces, typically wind and seismic loads.
Lower wall plates, base plate, floor plate, or bottom plate [4] — a second lower wall plate to which the wall studs are through nailed and which is the bottom of the wall section when assembled as a rectangular assembly. On an upper story, the lower wall plate is nailed to the platform of the supporting floor. The supporting platform is being ...
If deeply cut-back edges are worked only to the horizontal joints, with the appearance of the vertical joints being minimised, the resulting effect is known as "banded rustication", mostly seen on the lowest levels of very large buildings like the Palace of Versailles or the main Foreign Office building in London.