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The numerical aperture of a multimode optical fiber is a function of the indices of refraction of the cladding and the core: Diagram showing how the light refracts at the core/cladding interface. With the angle of refraction being dependent upon the difference in index of refraction, n, of core and cladding.
Cladding is the bonding together of dissimilar metals. It is different from fusion welding or gluing as a method to fasten the metals together. Cladding is often achieved by extruding two metals through a die as well as pressing or rolling sheets together under high pressure .
Multi-mode fibers are described by their core and cladding diameters. Thus, 62.5/125 μm multi-mode fiber has a core size of 62.5 micrometres (μm) and a cladding diameter of 125 μm. The transition between the core and cladding can be sharp, which is called a step-index profile, or a gradual transition, which is called a graded-index profile.
Schematic diagram of cladding-pumped double-clad fiber laser Cross-section of circular DCF with offset core Cross-section of DCF with rectangular inner cladding [2]. In modern double-clad fibers for high power fiber amplifiers and lasers, the inner cladding has a higher refractive index than the outer cladding.
A typical single-mode optical fiber has a core diameter between 8 and 10.5 μm [7] and a cladding diameter of 125 μm. There are a number of special types of single-mode optical fiber which have been chemically or physically altered to give special properties, such as dispersion-shifted fiber and nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber .
Date/Time Thumbnail Dimensions User Comment; current: 05:20, 18 April 2009: 419 × 378 (9 KB): Benchill {{Information |Description={{en|1=Diagram of a single mode (SM) optical fiber. 1.-Core 8 µm 2.-Cladding 124 µm 3.-Buffer 250 µm 4.-Jacket 400 µm Derivative work of File:Singlemode fibre structure.png by Bob Mellish, licensed
In general, regular structured fibers such as photonic crystal fibers, have a cross-section (normally uniform along the fiber length) consisting of one, two or more materials, most commonly arranged periodically over much of the cross-section. This zone is known as the "cladding" and surrounds a core (or several cores) where light is confined.
2. Cladding 125 μm dia. 3. Coating 250 μm dia. 4. Buffer or jacket 900 μm dia. Light propagating in a multi-mode fiber. The core of a conventional optical fiber is the part of the fiber that guides the light. It is a cylinder of glass or plastic that runs along the fiber's length. [1]