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Secunda CTL is a synthetic fuel plant owned by Sasol at Secunda, Mpumalanga in South Africa. It uses coal liquefaction to produce petroleum-like synthetic crude oil from coal. The process used by Sasol is based on the Fischer–Tropsch process. It is the largest coal liquefaction plant and the largest single emitter of greenhouse gas in the world.
The refinery is a joint venture between Sasol Ltd and Total South Africa (Pty) Ltd. Sasol has a 63.64 per cent shareholding in Natref, and Total South Africa holds a 36.36 per cent interest. [42] One of few inland refineries in South Africa, [39]: 166 Natref's capacity in 2017, stood at 108,500 barrels per day of crude oil. The refinery uses ...
The initial installation (Sasol 1) was a pilot plant to refine oil from coal, due to the lack of petroleum reserves. The coal reserves of the country were and still are extensive. The political developments of the late 1960s and early 1970s (specifically the trade embargoes against the apartheid government) made the operation of the pilot plant ...
Sasol Secunda. Secunda (from Latin: second, secund, secundi meaning second/following) is a town built amidst the coalfields of the Mpumalanga province of South Africa.It was named for being the second Sasol extraction refinery producing oil from coal, after Sasolburg, [2] some 140 kilometres (87 mi) to the west.
Oil was the one major raw material not available in South Africa except synthetically from coal. This priority resource was therefore placed under a high degree of control by the government, which expected to meet 50% of its oil needs from the SASOL program. The South African Coal Oil and Gas Corporation was a state controlled company.
Worldwide commercial synthetic fuels plant capacity is over 240,000 barrels per day (38,000 m 3 /d), including indirect conversion Fischer–Tropsch plants in South Africa (Mossgas, Secunda CTL), Qatar , and Malaysia (Shell Bintulu), and a Mobil process (Methanol to Gasoline) plant in New Zealand. [1] [2] Numerous large projects are under ...
[1] Mapping of the distribution and extent of natural vegetation of South Africa started in 1918 when the Botanical Survey of the Union of South Africa was established. Maps by Pole-Evans (1936), Acocks (1953), and Low and Rebelo (1996) preceded the current system, which is the combined effort of participants from various centres in the country ...
According to an analysis by OpenAQ, the area regularly registers the highest concentration of PM2.5 particulate pollution worldwide. [5] In 2013, research by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) revealed that areas in the Vaal Triangle have persistently higher concentrations of air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide, than ...