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The Bengal renaissance refers to a social reform movement during the 19th and early 20th centuries in the region of Bengal in undivided India during the period of British rule. Historian Nitish Sengupta describes it as having started with reformer and humanitarian Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1775–1833), and ended with Asia's first Nobel laureate ...
The first major famine of the 20th century was the Bengal famine of 1943, which affected the Bengal region during wartime; it was one of the major South Asian famines in which anywhere between 1.5 million and 3 million people died. [9] The era is significant also because it is the first period for which there is systematic documentation. [10]
Mughal Bengal was a major exporter of raw silk, cotton, and rice. [53] With its proto-industrial economy, Bengal contributed to the first Industrial Revolution in Britain (particularly in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution). After 1757, the British placed Bengal under company rule (which led to Bengali deindustrialization). [54]
A map of the British Indian Empire in 1909 during the partition of Bengal (1905–1911), showing British India in two shades of pink (coral and pale) and the princely states in yellow. At the turn of the 20th century, British India consisted of eight provinces that were administered either by a governor or a lieutenant-governor.
The late 19th and early 20th century Bengal Renaissance had a great impact on the cultural and economic life of Bengal and started a great advance in the literature and science of Bengal. Between 1905 and 1911, an abortive attempt was made to divide the province of Bengal into two: Bengal proper and the short-lived province of Eastern Bengal ...
The first Partition of Bengal (1905) was a territorial reorganization of the Bengal Presidency implemented by the authorities of the British Raj. The reorganization separated the largely Muslim eastern areas from the largely Hindu western areas.
The state was established following the dissolution of the Bengal Sultanate, a major trading nation in the world, when the region was absorbed into the Mughal Empire. Bengal was the wealthiest region in the Indian subcontinent. Bengal Subah has been variously described the "Paradise of Nations" [6] and the "Golden Age of Bengal". [7]
It occurred during a period of dual governance in Bengal. This existed after the East India Company had been granted the diwani , or the right to collect revenue, in Bengal by the Mughal emperor in Delhi , [ 2 ] [ 3 ] but before it had wrested the nizamat , or control of civil administration, which continued to lie with the Mughal governor ...