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A prison gang [1] [2] is an inmate organization that operates within a prison system. It has a corporate entity and exists into perpetuity. Its membership is restrictive, mutually exclusive, and often requires a lifetime commitment. [3] Prison officials and others in law enforcement use the euphemism "security threat group" (or "STG").
Prison social hierarchy refers to the social status of prisoners within a correctional facility, and how that status is used to exert power over other inmates.A prisoner's place in the hierarchy is determined by a wide array of factors including previous crimes, access to contraband, affiliation with prison gangs, and physical or sexual domination of other prisoners.
Prison gangs are geographically and racially divided, and about 70% of prison gang members are in California and Texas. [4] Skarbek suggests prison gangs function similar to a community responsibility system. Interactions between strangers are facilitated because you do not have to know an individual's reputation, only a gang's reputation.
Furthermore, the relationship between two sets from the same gang can change over time. For example, the Mob Piru Bloods and the Lueders Park Piru Bloods were allies until April 2009, when a feud erupted between the two Bloods sets. [6] In some cases, a set from one gang may form an alliance with a specific set from a rival gang.
To validate a person as a gang member, the officials generally must provide evidence of several factors, such as tattoos, photographs, admissions, clothing, etc. The list of criteria for the state of California is found in California Code of Regulations Title 15, Article 10 3375.3 and 3378.2.
In his literature review and analysis of evidence about gangs in the California correctional complex, David Sharbek found that gangs formed as a response to a lack of protection from prison officials. According to his research, male prison populations rely on non-structured social norms and on formalized organizations to govern themselves.
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Over the past 200 years, the United States has put into service various institutions to punish criminals. Examples include: prisons (penitentiaries), institutions for rehabilitation (reformatories), and a system where prisoners were leased to private companies (convict lease).