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  2. Net explosive quantity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_explosive_quantity

    The net explosive quantity (NEQ), also known as net explosive content (NEC) or net explosive weight (NEW), of a shipment of munitions, fireworks or similar products is the total mass of the contained explosive substances, without the packaging, casings, bullets etc. [1] It also includes the mass of the TNT-equivalent of all contained energetic substances.

  3. Flux balance analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux_balance_analysis

    Metabolic networks typically have more reactions than metabolites and this gives an under-determined system of linear equations containing more variables than equations. The standard approach to solve such under-determined systems is to apply linear programming. Linear programs are problems that can be expressed in canonical form:

  4. Gurney equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurney_equations

    The Gurney equations give a result that assumes the shell or sheet of material remains intact throughout a large portion of the explosive-gas expansion such that work can performed upon it. For some configurations and materials this is true; explosive welding, for example, uses a thin sheet of explosive to evenly accelerate flat plates of metal ...

  5. Payload fraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payload_fraction

    In aircraft, loading less than full fuel for shorter trips is standard practice to reduce weight and fuel consumption. For this reason, the useful load fraction calculates a similar number, but it is based on the combined weight of the payload and fuel together in relation to the total weight.

  6. List of open-source software for mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_open-source...

    The primary difference between a computer algebra system and a traditional calculator is the ability to deal with equations symbolically rather than numerically. The precise uses and capabilities of these systems differ greatly from one system to another, yet their purpose remains the same: manipulation of symbolic equations.

  7. Fuel fraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_fraction

    With a fuel fraction of nearly 85%, the GlobalFlyer could carry 5 times its weight in fuel.. In aerospace engineering, an aircraft's fuel fraction, fuel weight fraction, [1] or a spacecraft's propellant fraction, is the weight of the fuel or propellant divided by the gross take-off weight of the craft (including propellant): [2]

  8. Adjoint state method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjoint_state_method

    If the operator was self-adjoint, =, the direct state equation and the adjoint state equation would have the same left-hand side. In the goal of never inverting a matrix, which is a very slow process numerically, a LU decomposition can be used instead to solve the state equation, in O ( m 3 ) {\displaystyle O(m^{3})} operations for the ...

  9. Kibble balance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibble_balance

    A Kibble balance (also formerly known as a watt balance) is an electromechanical measuring instrument that measures the weight of a test object very precisely by the electric current and voltage needed to produce a compensating force. It is a metrological instrument that can realize the definition of the kilogram unit of mass based on ...