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The candidates are then gathered together at the mukanda, where they are circumcised; at this stage, the initiator of the mukanda ceremony becomes known as the "chijika mukanda", or the "planter of mukanda." They will then invoke the spirits before the muyombo tree to bless and purify the children who will undergo the operation. [19]
The Mbunda have maintained most of their old traditions such as respect for their ancestors, “coming of age” rituals for both boys (Mukanda Initiation Ceremony and their not less than fifty Makithi artifacts), girls (Litungu or Bwali), relying on cattle, goats, wild meat, fish, chicken and cassava for their food, men carry weapons such as ...
The ceremony is celebrated over three days. On the first day, from late in the evening, all the way throughout the night, men sing and dance at the Mukanda circumcision camp, in preparation for the resurrection of the Makishi from the graveyard early in the morning.
There are three categories of ritual masks that the Chokwe distinguish between; the cikungu or makishi wa mwanangana mask, which represents the chief's ancestors and is only brought out on special occasions, the makishi a ku mukanda, this mask plays a role in the mukanda initiation, and the makishi a kuhangana, which is a dance mask and is ...
Ceremony District Chief Tribe Month N'cwala: Chipata: Paramount Chief Mpenzeni: Ngoni: February Muganda Lundazi Senior Chief Magodi Tumbuka November Kulamba: Katete: His Majesty Kalonga Gawa Undi: Chewa: last Saturday in August Thenga Yyumo Zengani: Lundazi: Senior Chief Magodi: Tumbuka: October Kulonga: Lundazi: Chief Mphamba: Tumbuka: August ...
The ceremony signifies the conquest of the Ishindi Lunda in successfully fulfilling a mission that Chief Ishindi was given by his father, Mwata Yamvo or Mwaant Yav, to expand the Kingdom of Lunda dynasty. In the 1854 ceremony, Scottish missionary Dr David Livingstone is said to have attended and he was honoured by Mwant shindi Kawumbu. [2] [1]
Kuba initiation rites for boys and young men and associated masquerade figures are related to mukanda initiation rites, practiced by many peoples residing in the southern savanna of Central Africa from Angola, through the Democratic Republic of Congo and into western London, including Chokwe, Lwena, Luvale, Lwembe, Chesterfield, Mbunda, Mbwela, Yaka, Suku, Pende, and southern Lunda.
Abakhwetha (group of initiates) Ulwaluko, traditional circumcision and initiation from childhood to adulthood, is an ancient initiation rite practised (though not exclusively) by the Xhosa people, and is commonly practised throughout South Africa.