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It can be used for histopathological diagnosis of the Plasmodium species that cause malaria [2] and some other spirochete and protozoan blood parasites. It is also used to stain Wolbachia cells in host tissue. [3] Giemsa stain is a classic blood film stain for peripheral blood smears and bone marrow specimens.
Polychromatic red blood cells appear bluish-gray on the blood smear. Polychromasia is a disorder where there is an abnormally high number of immature red blood cells found in the bloodstream as a result of being prematurely released from the bone marrow during blood formation ( poly - refers to many , and -chromasia means color .)
Modern complete blood count analyzers can provide an automated white blood cell differential, but they have a limited ability to differentiate immature and abnormal cells, so manual examination of the blood smear is frequently indicated. [5] [6] Blood smear examination is the preferred diagnostic method for certain parasitic infections, such as ...
The addition of Giemsa to Wright's stain increases the brightness of the "reddish-purple" color of the cytoplasmic granules. [1] [21] The Wright's and Wright-Giemsa stains are two of the Romanowsky-type stains in common use in the United States and are mainly used for the staining of blood and bone marrow films. [21] [1]
This stain develops varying colors for all cell structures (“Romanowsky-Giemsa effect) and thus was used in staining neutrophil polymorphs and cell nuclei. Common variants include Wright's stain, Jenner's stain, May-Grunwald stain, Leishman stain and Giemsa stain. All are used to examine blood or bone marrow samples.
Diff-Quik is a commercial Romanowsky stain variant used to rapidly stain and differentiate a variety of pathology specimens. It is most frequently used for blood films and cytopathological smears, including fine needle aspirates .
G-banding, G banding or Giemsa banding is a technique used in cytogenetics to produce a visible karyotype by staining condensed chromosomes. It is the most common chromosome banding method. [ 1 ] It is useful for identifying genetic diseases (mainly chromosomal abnormalities ) through the photographic representation of the entire chromosome ...
They appear brightly coloured and refractile when stained with Wright-Giemsa stain. These inclusions are most commonly found in critically ill patients, particularly those with liver disease , and their presence on the peripheral blood smear is associated with a high short-term mortality rate.