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The injectable version is also licensed for preventing and treating acute vomiting in cats. [9] [5] [10] [11] Maropitant is effective in treating vomiting from a variety of causes, including gastroenteritis, chemotherapy, and kidney failure; [12] [13] when given beforehand, it can prevent vomiting caused by using an opioid as a premedication.
Lorazepam can effectively reduce agitation and induce sleep, and the duration of effects from a single dose makes it an appropriate choice for the short-term treatment of insomnia, especially in the presence of severe anxiety or night terrors. It has a fairly short duration of action.
Significant toxicity from benzodiazepines can occur in the elderly as a result of long-term use. [112] Benzodiazepines, along with antihypertensives and drugs affecting the cholinergic system, are the most common cause of drug-induced dementia affecting over 10 percent of patients attending memory clinics.
However, drowsiness and tolerance become problems with continued use and none are now considered first-line choices for long-term epilepsy therapy. [53] Clobazam is widely used by specialist epilepsy clinics worldwide and clonazepam is popular in the Netherlands, Belgium and France. [53] Clobazam was approved for use in the United States in 2011.
Lorazepam is preferred to other benzodiazepines and zolpidem due to its longer duration of action. [4] An initial therapeutic effect typically occurs within 10–30 minutes of IV administration lorazepam at doses between 2–4 mg. [5] [4] Higher doses may be used in patients who are unresponsive, to minimise the chance of a false negative ...
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Amphetamines are a class of psychoactive drugs that are stimulants.Paradoxical drowsiness can sometimes occur in adults. [1] Research from the 1980s popularized the belief that ADHD stimulants such as amphetamine have a calming effect in individuals with ADHD, but opposite effects in the general population. [2]
Frenetic random activity periods (FRAPs), also colloquially known as zoomies, scrumbling or midnight crazies, [1] are random bursts of energy occurring in dogs and cats in which they run frenetically, commonly in circles. They usually last a few minutes or less. [2] [3] [4] It is not known what causes animals to engage in FRAPs.