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Rhizobia are a "group of soil bacteria that infect the roots of legumes to form root nodules". [2] Rhizobia are found in the soil and, after infection, produce nodules in the legume where they fix nitrogen gas (N 2) from the atmosphere, turning it into a more readily useful form of nitrogen. From here, the nitrogen is exported from the nodules ...
From the ancient time, people grow the leguminous crops to make the soil more fertile. And the reason for this is: the root of leguminous crops are symbiotic with the rhizobia (a kind of diazotroph). These rhizobia can be considered as a natural biofertilizer to provide available nitrogen in the soil.
For the plant to be able to benefit from the added available nutrients provided by the rhizobacteria, it needs to provide a place and the proper conditions for the rhizobacteria to live. Creating and maintaining root nodules for rhizobacteria can cost between 12–25% of the plant's total photosynthetic output.
Bradyrhizobium and other rhizobia take atmospheric nitrogen and fix it into ammonia (NH 3) or ammonium (NH 4 +). Plants cannot use atmospheric nitrogen; they must use a combined or fixed form of the element. After photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation (or uptake) is the most important process for the growth and development of plants. [12]
The Rhizaria are a diverse and species-rich supergroup of mostly unicellular [3] eukaryotes. [4] Except for the Chlorarachniophytes and three species in the genus Paulinella in the phylum Cercozoa, they are all non-photosynthetic, but many Foraminifera and Radiolaria have a symbiotic relationship with unicellular algae. [5]
The curling begins with the very tip of the root hair curling around the Rhizobium. Within the root tip, a small tube called the infection thread forms, which provides a pathway for the Rhizobium to travel into the root epidermal cells as the root hair continues to curl. [17] Partial curling can even be achieved by nod factor alone. [16]
Rhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. ... The plant, in turn, provides the bacteria with organic compounds made by photosynthesis.
Rhizobium species colonize legume roots forming nodule structures. In response to root exudates, rhizobia produce Nod signalling factors that are recognized by legumes and induce the formation of nodules on plant roots. [28] Within these structures, Rhizobium fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia that is then used by the plant. In turn, plants ...