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Ignition system of a flat-twin Citroën 2CV. A wasted spark system is a type of ignition system used in some four-stroke cycle internal combustion engines.In a wasted spark system, the spark plugs fire in pairs, with one plug in a cylinder on its compression stroke and the other plug in a cylinder on its exhaust stroke.
Pressure in cylinder pattern in dependence on ignition timing: (a) - misfire, (b) too soon, (c) optimal, (d) too late. In a spark ignition internal combustion engine, ignition timing is the timing, relative to the current piston position and crankshaft angle, of the release of a spark in the combustion chamber near the end of the compression stroke.
In spark-ignition internal combustion engines, knocking (also knock, detonation, spark knock, pinging or pinking) occurs when combustion of some of the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder does not result from propagation of the flame front ignited by the spark plug, but when one or more pockets of air/fuel mixture explode outside the envelope of the normal combustion front.
Common causes of backfire are running rich (too much fuel going into cylinders) or faulty ignition, possibly a fouled (dirty) spark plug, coil, or plug wire. Pop-backs are usually caused by problems with timing. If the timing is too early, the spark plug fires before the intake valves close, causing the combustion to propagate into the intake ...
The ignition coil is a transformer. The primary winding (called the low-tension winding in early texts) is connected to the battery voltage when the points are closed. Due to the inductance of the coil, the current in this circuit builds gradually. This current creates a magnetic field in the coil, which stores a quantity of energy.
The battery's charged state is maintained by an automotive alternator or (previously) a generator which uses engine power to create electrical energy storage. The battery supplies electrical power for starting when the engine has a starting motor system, and supplies electrical power when the engine is off. The battery also supplies electrical ...
A valve-regulated lead-acid battery is a battery type that is popular in telecommunications network environments as a reliable backup power source. VRLA batteries are used in the outside plant at locations such as Controlled Environmental Vaults (CEVs), Electronic Equipment Enclosures (EEEs), and huts, and in uncontrolled structures such as ...
The most common type of block heater is an electric heating element in the engine block, which is connected through a power cord often routed through the vehicle's grille. Some block heaters are designed to replace one of the engine's core plugs and therefore heat the engine via the coolant. [4] Alternative methods of warming an engine include: [5]