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Acute bacterial parotitis: is most often caused by a bacterial infection of Staphylococcus aureus but may be caused by any commensal bacteria. [2] Parotitis presents as swelling at the angle of the jaw. Bacterial parotitis presents as a unilateral swelling, where the gland is swollen and tender and usually produces pus at the Stensen's duct.
Inflammation of one or both parotid glands is known as parotitis. The most common cause of parotitis is mumps. Widespread vaccination against mumps has markedly reduced the incidence of mumps parotitis. The pain of mumps is due to the swelling of the gland within its fibrous capsule. [3]
Sarcoidosis—there may be parotitis alone or uveoparotitis (inflammation of both the parotid and the uvea of the eyes), which occurs in Heerfordt's syndrome. Cheilitis glandularis —This is inflammation of the minor salivary glands, usually in the lower lip, eversion and swelling of the lip.
Ascending acute bacterial parotitis used to be a common perimortal event but today this is no longer the case due to antibiotics and basic modern care, which means that patients will be much less likely to become dehydrated. [13]
Uveoparotitis is characterized by parotitis, uveitis and low grade fever. Parotitis leads to swelling and enlargement of the parotid glands, while uveitis causes eye redness, pain and blurred vision. Weakness of the facial muscles (cranial nerve palsy) may occur, which particularly affect the seventh cranial nerve.
Pneumoparotitis (also termed pneumosialadenitis [1] wind parotitis, [1] surgical mumps, [2] or anaesthesia mumps), [2] is a rare cause of parotid gland swelling which occurs when air is forced through the parotid (Stensen) duct resulting in inflation of the duct.
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For kidney involvement, the most common sequela is lymphocytic interstitial nephropathy which occurs in approximately 6%-8% of patients with DILS. The severity and presentation are varied but include acute kidney injury , renal tubular acidosis , mild proteinuria , hematuria (blood in the urine), or nephromegaly (kidney enlargement).