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Low rolling resistance tires are designed to reduce the energy loss as a tire rolls, decreasing the required rolling effort — and in the case of automotive applications, improving vehicle fuel efficiency as approximately 5–15% of the fuel consumed by a typical gas car may be used to overcome rolling resistance.
Cutaway diagram of a rim and tire from an ATV Cross section of a bicycle rim A wooden bicycle rim with tubular tire. The rim is the "outer edge of a wheel, holding the tire". [1] It makes up the outer circular design of the wheel on which the inside edge of the tire is mounted on vehicles such as automobiles. [2]
Figure 1 Hard wheel rolling on and deforming a soft surface, resulting in the reaction force R from the surface having a component that opposes the motion. (W is some vertical load on the axle, F is some towing force applied to the axle, r is the wheel radius, and both friction with the ground and friction at the axle are assumed to be negligible and so are not shown.
Underinflated tires wear out faster and lose energy to rolling resistance because of tire deformation. The loss for a car is approximately 1.0 percent for every 2 psi (0.1 bar; 10 kPa) drop in pressure of all four tires. [7] Improper wheel alignment and high engine oil kinematic viscosity also reduce fuel efficiency.
Bridgestone is developing the Bridgestone Air-Free Concept Tire, which can hold 150 kg (330 lb) per tire. [13] The Energy return wheel (ERW) has the outer edge of the tire connected to the inner rim by a system of springs. The springs can have their tension changed to vary the handling characteristics. [14] Hankook is developing the iFlex ...
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Wheels with Asanti 28 in (710 mm) rims on a police Hummer H2 car. The wheel size is the size designation of a wheel given by its diameter, width, and offset. The diameter of the wheel is the diameter of the cylindrical surface on which the tire bead rides. The width is the inside distance between the bead seat faces.
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