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Punjabi Arthawali by Amar Nath, an English-to-Punjabi dictionary featuring Punjabi translations of English words in both Latin and Persian scripts. [6] Punjabi-Angrezi Kosh by Khushhal Singh (Lahore, 1946). [6] Based upon Maya Singh's dictionary. [6] Punjabi-English Vocabulary, a small lexicon published by the Sri Guru Singh Sabha, Lahore. [6]
Lahnda (/ ˈ l ɑː n d ə /; [1] لہندا, Punjabi pronunciation: [lɛ˦n.d̪äː]), also known as Lahndi or Western Punjabi, [2] is a group of north-western Indo-Aryan language varieties spoken in parts of Pakistan and India.
Dialects of Punjabi. Majhi (Shahmukhi: ماجھی; Gurmukhi: ਮਾਝੀ; Punjabi: [mä˦d̆.d͡ʒi˨] [1]), also known as Central Punjabi, is the most widely-spoken dialect of the Punjabi language, [2] natively spoken in the Majha region of Punjab in present-day Pakistan and India. The dialect forms the basis of Standard Punjabi.
"Tunak Tunak Tun" or simply "Tunak Tunak", is a Bhangra/Indi-pop song by Indian Punjabi artist Daler Mehndi, released in 1998. It was the first Indian music video made using chroma key technology. [1] The song and the video were a success in India, cementing Mehndi's status as India's biggest and most popular popstar at the time. [2]
To differentiate between consonants, the Punjabi tonal consonants of the fourth column, ਘ kà, ਝ cà, ਢ ṭà, ਧ tà, and ਭ pà, are often transliterated in the way of the voiced aspirate consonants gha, jha, ḍha, dha, and bha respectively, although Punjabi lacks these sounds. [46]
Pahari Pothwari is an Indo-Aryan language variety of the Lahnda group, [b] spoken in the northern half of Pothohar Plateau, in Punjab, Pakistan, as well as in the most of Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir and in the western areas of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir.
Shahmukhi (Shahmukhi: شاہ مُکھی, pronounced [ʃäː(ɦ)˦.mʊ.kʰiː], lit. ' from the Shah's or king's mouth ', Gurmukhi: ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁੱਖ਼ੀ) is the right-to-left abjad-based script developed from the Perso-Arabic alphabet used for the Punjabi language varieties, predominantly in Punjab, Pakistan.
In Punjabi, pitch accent has historically arisen out of the loss of voiced aspirates (/bʱ dʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ ɡʱ ɦ/. Thus in Standard Punjabi , if a voiced aspirate preceded the stressed vowel, it would lose its aspiration and cause the appearance of a high tone on that vowel: /dʒiːbʱ/ > /dʒíːb/ 'tongue'.