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Tempered or toughened glass is a type of safety glass processed by controlled thermal or chemical treatments to increase its strength compared with normal glass. Tempering puts the outer surfaces into compression and the interior into tension .
Hydrogen enhanced decohesion (HEDE): Interstitial hydrogen lowers the stress required for metal atoms to fracture apart. HEDE can only occur when the local concentration of hydrogen is high, such as due to the increased hydrogen solubility in the tensile stress field at a crack tip, at stress concentrators, or in the tension field of edge ...
Unless stated otherwise, the properties of fused silica (quartz glass) and germania glass are derived from the SciGlass glass database by forming the arithmetic mean of all the experimental values from different authors (in general more than 10 independent sources for quartz glass and T g of germanium oxide glass). The list is not exhaustive.
Crystal structure of β-glucosidase from Thermotoga neapolitana (PDB: 5IDI).Thermostable protein, active at 80°C and with unfolding temperature of 101°C. [1]In materials science and molecular biology, thermostability is the ability of a substance to resist irreversible change in its chemical or physical structure, often by resisting decomposition or polymerization, at a high relative ...
[2] [1] The chemical composition of the glass also impacts its tensile strength. [3] The processes of thermal and chemical toughening can increase the tensile strength of glass. [4] Glass has a compressive strength of 1,000 megapascals (150,000 psi). [5] [6]
Similarly, when the surface of chemically strengthened glass is deeply scratched, this area loses its additional strength. Another negative of chemically strengthened glass is the added cost. While tempered glass can be made cheaply through the fabrication process, chemically strengthened glass has a more expensive route to the market. These ...
Such glass is subjected to less thermal stress and can withstand temperature differentials without fracturing of about 165 °C (300 °F). [1] It is commonly used for the construction of reagent bottles and flasks, as well as lighting, electronics, and cookware. For many other applications, soda-lime glass is more common.
Tempering is a process of heat treating, which is used to increase the toughness of iron-based alloys. Tempering is usually performed after hardening , to reduce some of the excess hardness , and is done by heating the metal to some temperature below the critical point for a certain period of time, then allowing it to cool in still air.
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